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TRANSPORT,
POST & TELECOMMUNICATIONS
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Introduction
Since the founding of the PRC in
1949, China has formed a comprehensive transportation system comprehending
railways, highways, civil aviation and water transport, and a posts
and telecommunications network accessible from all directions. As
the market economy system was established after the initiation of
the policies of reform and opening to the outside world in 1978,
historic changes took place in transport, posts and telecommunications??they
have developed quickly and are heading for openness and competition,
emerging from a closed and monopolistic state. By the end of 1999,
the total length of transportation lines in China had reached 3.55
million km, 16.3 times and 2.88 times the lengths in 1949 and 1978,
respectively; the total length of optical cable lines had reached
194,000 km from zero in 1978. In 1978, there were no mobile telecommunications
in China; however, in 1999, the mobile phone users reached 43.24
million. Mobile telecommunications have developed to the extent
of using analogue and digital networks, and realized automatic roaming
with some countries and regions. Data telecommunications have grown
from nothing to the stage of having an efficient network.
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The level of technical equipment
of transport, posts and telecommunications is continuously rising.
By the end of 1999, the length of double-track railways had reached
20,935 km, with a double-track rate of 35.7 percent, a nearly 20
percentage points increase over 1978; and the length of electrified
lines had reached 13,629 km, with an electrification rate of 23.4
percent, a 20.4 percentage points increase over 1978. Developing
from nothing, the length of expressways has reached 9,083 km. The
numbers of railway engines, civil vehicles, motor transport ships
and airplanes have all doubled or redoubled. New berths at major
harbors total 1,236, of which 347 are 10,000-ton-class berths, and
the number of new civil airports is over 90. With the improvement
of transport capacity and expansion of posts and telecommunications,
transport, posts and telecommunications have developed by leaps
and bounds. In 1999, the various transport means carried 4,023.5
billion tons/km of freight, and 1,125 billion persons/km??4.1 times
and 65 times increases over 1978, respectively. The posts and telecommunications
volume totaled 331.1 billion yuan, 109 times that of 1978 in constant
prices.
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A
highway network has already
taken shape in Tibet,
with 22,300 kilometers opened
to traffic and with the Qinghai-Tibet,
Sichuan-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet
and Sino-Nepalese highways
radiating from Lhasa as the
backbone of the network.
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