The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be the biggest sporting
event ever to be held in China and the government is making sure
that there is no room for embarrassment with security preparations
already well under way.
Dr. Mei Jianming, an anti-terrorism expert with Chinese People's
Public Security University said, "Security at the Olympics might be
challenged by a spectrum of criminal plots, ranging from minor acts
of disturbance to sophisticated acts of mass-terror."
Grandpas and grandmas wearing red armbands will scrutinize local
communities in the ancient city, helicopters will carry out aerial
patrols and dogs will join in firefighting.
Behind the scenes, more sophisticated security preparations are
under way, involving the training of professional security staff
and the implementation of high-tech security apparatus and
integrated networking.
Beijing plans to chip in US$300 million on Olympic security,
about one fifth of the total investment. About 90,000 policemen are
expected to be called up for 2008 Olympics Games, along with
thousands of security workers and volunteers, according to the
organizing committee of the 2008 Olympic Games.
"The financial input is expected to be much less than that of
the Athens Olympics, because the location of landlocked Beijing is
less complicated than the previous host city," said Mei.
As Mei pointed out, such a high-profile event, gathering tens of
thousands of people from all over the world, naturally raises
security concerns.
Olympic anti-terrorist operations have been continually pumped
up ever since the 1972 Munich Olympics, when eleven Israeli
athletes and trainers were murdered in cold blood.
After 9/11, anti-terrorist operations went on steroids. The 2004
Athens Olympics spent a record US$1.5 billion on security, almost
five times more than that spent at the Sydney Games in 2000.
Lu Shimin, deputy chief of the Beijing Public Security Bureau
(BPSB) commented that, when bidding to host the Olympics in 2001,
Beijing made a preliminary risk analysis including the assessment
of potential fire hazards, illegal invasion into Olympic buildings,
urban turmoil, common crimes, technological problems, traffic
safety, natural disasters and terrorist activities.
Many security measures have been considered and publicized,
though the more covert operations have been kept officially 'off
the record.'
The latest anti-terror drill was staged in Qingdao, the venue
for sailing events at the Olympics, on December 23, 2006, as part
of Beijing's security preparations for the Games. No specific
details about the maneuver have been publicized except it was
launched against the backdrop of a hypothetical terror attack in
the form of a biochemical strike on the city.
Beijing established a security team for the 2008 Olympics in
December 2004, marking the commencement of its security
preparations. In June last year, as a major aspect of its
preparations for the Games, the city set up a security headquarters
and intelligence center.
The security center will be the backbone of a wide-ranging
police network for the Games. Thousands of closed-circuit
television cameras will be scattered throughout the city and event
areas.
Beijing will host more than 20 sports events in the second half
of 2007, with mock security exercises taking place and police
officers being stationed at over 100 Olympic venues in preparation
for the Games.
A comprehensive training project to improve the police's
response to emergencies has been underway since April 2006 and is
expected to last until the onset of the Games in 2008.
In order to further boost security measures for the Games,
helicopters will patrol the skies of Beijing, with the city's first
'copter patrol' taking off next June.
Temporary fire stations will be built near stadiums and
gymnasiums as part of the city's fire safety plan. A dog fire
rescue team, the first of its kind in Beijing, was also set up in
late 2006 to locate people in the event of building collapse.
High-level meetings have also provided the city with the
opportunity to test out their new security measures. The
Sino-African Summit held in November 2006, receiving leaders of 48
African nations, was widely taken as a rehearsal for Olympic
security.
Along with the Summit, the China Open tennis tournament and the
Chinese Football Super League, have both provided opportunities to
'test the water' with new security initiatives.
The organizing committee for the Beijing Games has been looking
at lessons learned from previous Olympics.
Beijing held an international security conference in November
2006 where anti-terrorism experts from seven nations convened to
discuss security measures for 2008.
"International cooperation is key to Olympic security," said Li
Wei, director of the Counter-terrorism Studies Center, "every
country is concerned about their athletes' safety. An effective
system will be promoted to facilitate international
cooperation."
For Beijing locals, safety is beyond their worries. They are
more concerned about the troubles brought by the security
measures.
Sun Zhaoxia, a 45-year-old Beijing local working at a
state-owned enterprise said, "Traffic controls are common in great
events in Beijing. More police patrol the streets and there is more
limitation on the entrance to certain places."
However, according to most experts, the public has no reason to
worry about safety and security during the Games.
Whilst pointing out that China is not a direct target of
international terrorism, Li also made it clear that, "Nowhere can
be 100 percent safe, especially as terrorism is now a global issue
and the Olympics will offer a mouthwatering opportunity for groups
such as Al-Qaeda to spread terror."
Li explained that 'traditional' terrorism had the main goal of
"causing fear by mass disruption rather than mass murder."
Terrorism in the 21st century, however, usually has the aim of
"killing as many people as possible with maximum exposure." He
stressed that possible internal threats might come from the
'traditional' school of terrorism such as the East Turkestan
Islamic Movement (ETIM) -- who advocate an "independent" Xinjiang
-- along with the extreme Tibetan separatist movements.
Li warned that individual disturbances are also possible, as
China is experiencing a growing rich-poor divide, "Some individuals
may take extreme actions such as poisoning food and planting bombs
in order to avenge society."
Mei Jianming added to Li's comments by saying that, "All
terrorists, no mater whether they act as part of an organized group
or on their own, have one purpose in common, namely to attract
public attention to themselves and to ultimately achieve their
goals, whatever they may be."
The public is expected to assist in counter-terrorism operations
during the Olympics by keeping an eye out for possible signs of
disturbance. Li?said that it is clear that, "Terrorists are
not living in vacuum. They may be living in remote and isolated
places, but they do have regular contact with society. The public
can report any suspicious activities or individuals to the
police."
(Xinhua News Agency February 12, 2007)