A landmark initiative to abolish the division between "rural residents" and "urban residents" is being developed by 11 Chinese provinces.
The reforms are expected to grant people from rural areas all the political, educational and social security benefits as their urban counterparts.
Pilot provinces include Liaoning in northeast China, Shandong and Fujian in east China, and Guangdong in south China.
Guangdong will allow all farmers to register as urban residents in one or two years, Ou Guangyuan, deputy secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, said on Monday at a work conference.
Liaoning is also to wipe out differences between urban and rural residence permits, granting the latter the same rights to education, employment and medical care.
"Liaoning's urbanization is comparatively advanced and we have many small cities which have the ability to absorb possible new residents from the countryside," an official, surnamed Li from Liaoning Public Security Department, said yesterday.
Shaanxi Province in northwest China has also announced it will abolish the urban-rural division within the next five years.
Earlier, Deputy Minister of Public Security Liu Jinguo said reforms will help usher in a unified management system on permanent residence registration.
However, public security experts are still calling for a cautious attitude to reform, saying random steps will lead to chaos.
Bian Haihong of the Beijing Public Security Bureau said yesterday that there are four areas which need special attention.
Education. More children will be vying for limited places in city schools.
Healthcare. Can the government afford to foot the new urban dwellers' medical bills?
Social security. Can local governments afford the newcomers' social security demands?
Public order. If the system is adopted too quickly, a huge influx of people living in poverty could spark a rise in crime.
In November 2001, Zhengzhou, capital of central China's Henan Province, offered free permanent registration permits to people with relatives already living in the city. Increased pressure on transport, education, healthcare and a rise in crime forced the city to cancel the measure three years later, said Bian.
So far, most large cities are similarly unprepared for a rapid transfer, he added.
(China Daily November 2, 2005)
