Fusion Reactor R&D 

The development of nuclear fusion in China began in the late 1950s. A number of small- and medium-sized Tokamak devices were built and went into operation in the 1970s and 1980s, paving the way for the development of fusion reactors. Since the beginning of the 21st century, large- and medium-sized Tokamak devices have been built, such as China Circulator No.2A (HL-2A) by the Southwest Institute of Physics (SWIP) of CNNC and China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) by CAS's Institute of Plasma Physics. Among them, EAST is the world's first fully super-conducting Tokamak facility. On May 28, 2021, it set a new world record by reaching an experimentally repeatable 120 million degrees Celsius in 101 seconds, and 160 million degrees Celsius in 20 seconds for plasma operation. 

China Circulator No.2M (HL-2M), a device built on HL-2A, is the largest and most advanced Tokamak device in China. It represents a new generation of advanced nuclear fusion experimental device with magnetic confinement. It was built in Chengdu, Sichuan Province and achieved its first plasma discharge on December 4, 2020, a testament to China's mastery of the technologies for the design, construction and operation of large advanced Tokamak devices. 

聚變堆研發(fā)

中國核聚變能研究始于 20世紀 50年代末。 20世紀 70年代到 80年代，相繼建成并運行了一些小型、中型托卡馬克裝置，為聚變堆的研發(fā)奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。進入 21世紀以來，中國相繼由核工業(yè)西南物理研究院建成了中國環(huán)流器二號 A（HL-2A）、中科院等離子體物理研究所建成了東方超環(huán)（ EAST）等大、中型托卡馬克裝置。其中東方超環(huán)（ EAST）是世界首個全超導大型托卡馬克裝置， 2021年 5月 28日，實現(xiàn)了可重復的 1.2億攝氏度 101秒等離子體運行和 1.6億攝氏度 20秒等離子體運行，創(chuàng)造了托卡馬克實驗裝置運行的世界紀錄。中國環(huán)流器二號 M（HL-2M）是 HL-2A的改造升級裝置，是目前中國規(guī)模最大、參數(shù)最高的先進托卡馬克裝置，是中國新一代先進磁約束核聚變實驗研究裝置， 2020年 12月 4日在成都建成并實現(xiàn)首次放電，這標志著中國已自主掌握大型先進托卡馬克裝置的設計、建造、運行技術(shù)。