貧困縣全部摘帽

1986年，中國政府組建專門的扶貧開發工作機構，開啟了政府主導的開發式扶貧事業。國務院貧困地區經濟開發領導小組按照嚴格標準在全國范圍內識別出331個國家級貧困縣，此后根據各時期扶貧開發形勢的變化，先后三次調整了國家扶貧開發工作重點縣名單。2011年，《中國農村扶貧開發規劃綱要（2011-2020年）》頒布實施，國務院扶貧開發領導小組公布新一輪國定扶貧開發工作重點縣和集中連片特困地區縣，前者592個，后者680個，剔除重合部分，兩者合計832個縣，構成了脫貧攻堅戰需要脫貧摘帽的縣。

新時期脫貧攻堅目標是到2020年實現“兩個確保”，即確保農村貧困人口實現脫貧、確保貧困縣全部脫貧摘帽。2016年習近平在重慶調研時強調：“脫貧摘帽要堅持成熟一個摘一個，既防止不思進取、等靠要，又防止揠苗助長、圖虛名。”2016年全國共有28個貧困縣提出退出申請，其中江西省井岡山市、河南省蘭考縣率先通過國家專項評估檢查，分別于2017年2月25日、27日由省級政府批準退出。2017年首批申請退出的28個貧困縣脫貧摘帽，既是1986年國家設定貧困縣以來第一次實現貧困縣數量凈減少，也是實現貧困縣全部摘帽目標的良好起步，為今后幾年貧困縣退出樹立了標桿、作出了示范。截至2020年2月底，全國832個貧困縣中已有601個宣布摘帽，179個正在進行退出檢查，還有52個貧困縣即將摘帽，區域性整體貧困基本得到解決。

Poverty Relief Policies Continue After Counties Being Removed from Poverty List

After being removed from the poverty list, some once-poor counties have slackened their efforts. Some have abandoned their policies and withdrawn their work teams, some want to take a break, and others tend to shift their focus or change ways of development. Some county Party committee secretaries and county mayors want to transfer to other work posts. Some once-poor people find their incomes have stagnated or are even decreasing.

Seeing these problems, Xi Jinping demands that after being removed from poverty list, the former poor counties must continue to help their remaining poor populations escape poverty and ensure they do not slip back into poverty. Their county Party committee secretaries and county mayors should remain steadfast in their posts, and not shirk their responsibilities, major poverty relief policies will continue, and work teams must not withdraw but continue their assistance. Every effort must be made to prevent people from falling back into poverty, and relevant supervision must continue. He also requires relevant government departments to work out measures for implementing the above instructions.