Beijing municipal government's decision to limit the number of
motor vehicles on the city's roads during a four-day test, which
starts this weekend, demonstrates its resolve to address the
problems of congestion and pollution caused by emissions.
This is undoubtedly a simple but effective remedy for the
problem. But it can only be executed as a provisional measure for a
particular purpose over a certain period of time -- like hosting
the Olympic Games, for example.
A simple methodology can only bring about a simple solution. It
does not touch the root cause of the conundrum.
Dramatically reducing the number of vehicles on Beijing's roads
is definitely the most effective way to smooth the traffic and thin
out the exhaust in the air but administrative prohibitions are not
the right way to permanently solve the problem.
To dissuade people from driving and persuade them to take public
transport, the government should study the psychology of motorists
and take appropriate measures.
Most drivers are aware of the seriousness of air pollution and
their contribution to it. But the awareness, or even guilt, is not
strong enough for them to give up driving unconditionally.
They cannot do without the convenience and comfort of their own
car. If the cost of driving becomes high enough, however, they
might be less inclined to use their vehicles.
Two measures can be taken to this end.
First, charging a fee for driving in the inner city -- within
the third or fourth ring roads, for example.
Second, charging a pollution fee.
The pollution fee is verifiable. Car owners account only for a
minor proportion of the total population. It is unfair for
non-drivers to suffer polluted air when it is not their fault.
Charging car owners to finance causes of public good is a kind of
compensation for the non-owners.
Some people might argue that an inner city fee would benefit the
rich and deprive ordinary citizens' right to auto mobility. But it
is not.
What would be restricted is driving on crowded roads in densely
populated areas, which is far from a pleasant business. If the rich
enjoy driving in such conditions, let them do it and pay for being
part of the congestion. Of course, the charge should be set very
high.
Technical feasibility is not a problem.
Another reason why motorists do not like public transport is
that it is inconvenient and takes longer.
Commuters might have to change trains or buses two or three
times to get to their destination. Buses and subway trains are
invariably crowded and waiting at bus stops can be chaotic.
Many people have tried public transport but returned to their
private vehicles for the reasons given above. If the problems are
solved, many commuters will opt for public transport.
To settle these problems and ensure a fast, effective and
orderly public transport system needs government action. However,
campaign-style promotions and empty slogans won't do.
Careful investigation and meticulous planning of corresponding
measures are needed. The authorities even need to study the
psychology and habits of commuters so as to take really effective
measures to attain the desired results.
A conundrum's solution calls for conscientious effort.
(China Daily August 15, 2007)