What is the nature and connotation of the balanced development?

五個統(tǒng)籌的實質(zhì)與內(nèi)涵

Wang Mengkui pointed out that balanced development between urban and rural areas, between different regions, between economic and social undertakings, between man and nature as well as between domestic development and opening-up to the world are the fundamental requirements of the Scientific Concept of Development. In the course of building up a prosperous society in an all-round way and accomplishing the modernization drive, it is of vital importance to choose a proper path and pattern to achieve a better form of development.

        王夢奎指出：統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域發(fā)展、統(tǒng)籌經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展、統(tǒng)籌人與自然和諧發(fā)展、統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)發(fā)展和對外開放，這五個統(tǒng)籌是實現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的根本要求。其實質(zhì)，是在全面建設(shè)小康社會和實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的進程中，選擇什么樣的發(fā)展道路和發(fā)展模式，如何發(fā)展得更好的問題。

To coordinate development between urban and rural areas, we should change the dual economic structure in the countryside and the cities. In the past, agricultural policies focused on promoting agricultural production. Currently, more efforts are being made to solve three issues inherent in agriculture, countryside and farmer by industrializing agricultural productions, transferring surplus rural labor to non-agricultural industries and to cities and towns, and incorporating rural economy into the unified national economic market. In future economic reform, efforts should be made to build up an economic system that is a boon to the transformation of the dual economic structure in rural and urban areas. More state policies should be adopted in favor of agriculture, farmers and the countryside.

        統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的實質(zhì)，是促進城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)變。"三農(nóng)"問題過去主要是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)問題，現(xiàn)在是在圍繞"農(nóng)"字做文章的同時，通過工業(yè)化、城市化、市場化，促進"三農(nóng)"問題的根本解決。下一步的經(jīng)濟改革，要著眼于建立有利于改變城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的體制，國家政策要對解決"三農(nóng)"問題給予更大支持。

To coordinate development among different regions, we should promote the common development of all regions. Regional gaps are not only found between easternChinaand westernChina, but also between provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. This problem should be gradually addressed in the course of industrialization, urbanization and market development.

        統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域發(fā)展的實質(zhì)，是實現(xiàn)地區(qū)共同發(fā)展。地區(qū)差距不僅表現(xiàn)在東部和中西部之間，也表現(xiàn)在省、自治區(qū)、直轄市之間，還表現(xiàn)在省、自治區(qū)內(nèi)部地區(qū)之間。地區(qū)差距問題要在工業(yè)化、城市化和市場化的發(fā)展進程中逐步得到解決。

To coordinate development between economic and social undertakings, we should achieve a comprehensive progress of the whole society and enhance the living standard of all people by propelling economic development. With the settlement of food and clothing problems and the deepening of reform, an increasing number of social problems have emerged. Most of the problems are due to government’s failure to carry out its duties in the course of economic restructuring. Measures shall be taken to change the role of government. In particular fields like social security, science and technology, culture and education, public health and medicare, government must fulfill its responsibilities instead of simply putting forward slogans.

        統(tǒng)籌經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的實質(zhì)，是在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)社會全面進步，增進全體人民的福利。隨著溫飽問題的解決和改革的深入，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的社會問題日益凸顯出來。社會發(fā)展領(lǐng)域存在的問題，許多同經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)軌過程中政府職能不到位有直接關(guān)系，需要轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能。社會保障、科學(xué)技術(shù)、文化教育、公共衛(wèi)生和醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域有其特殊性，政府必須承擔起應(yīng)負的責任，不能簡單地提"市場化"或"產(chǎn)業(yè)化"的目標和口號。

To coordinate development between man and nature, we should maintain a proper growth in population, a sustainable utilization of resources, and advocate ecological principals. Compared with other countries,Chinahas a small amount of per-capita resources. Therefore, the government should take into consideration the condition of resources and the endurance of environment when it makes decisions on industrialization, urbanization, development patterns, development strategies, technological policies and even social life styles.

        統(tǒng)籌人與自然和諧發(fā)展的實質(zhì)，是人口適度增長、資源的永續(xù)利用和保持良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境。我國是人均資源比較少的國家，工業(yè)化和城市化道路的選擇，發(fā)展模式、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和技術(shù)政策的選擇，乃至社會生活方式的選擇，都必須考慮資源約束和環(huán)境承載能力。

To coordinate development between domestic development and opening-up to the world, we should make the Chinese economy boom by a better use of various resources and markets at home and abroad. In the past,Chinasuffered from a closed economy, small amounts of foreign trade volumes and a scarcity of foreign currencies. The economic structure and policies established at that time should be reformed. A great number of the old understandings on economic issues should be changed. At present, it will be a good step forward to properly increase the imports of resource-intensive products and introduce more advanced technologies. Concerning foreign trade relations, we should make every effort to bring about a "win-win" situation in foreign trades, but we should also note that trade frictions are inevitable when an emerging country tries to penetrate the global market.

        統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)發(fā)展和對外開放要求的實質(zhì)，是更好地利用國內(nèi)外兩種資源、兩個市場，順利實現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟的振興。過去在封閉經(jīng)濟、進出口很少、外匯短缺條件下形成的體制和政策需要改革，許多經(jīng)濟觀念也需要更新。目前，適當增加資源密集型產(chǎn)品進口，更多引進先進技術(shù)是有好處的。在對外經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系方面，我們追求的是"雙贏"局面。貿(mào)易摩擦是任何經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大國在崛起過程中都無法回避的，要用平常心看待這一問題。