中國共產黨第二十屆中央委員會第四次全體會議深入分析國際國內形勢，就制定國民經濟和社會發展“十五五”規劃提出以下建議。

The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has laid out the following recommendations for formulating the 15th five-year plan for national economic and social development (2026–2030) at this fourth plenary session, based on an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic landscapes.

一、“十五五”時期是基本實現社會主義現代化的關鍵時期

I. The 15th Five-Year Plan Period as a Critical Stage for Basically Realizing Socialist Modernization

（1）“十四五”時期我國發展取得重大成就。“十四五”時期我國發展歷程極不尋常、極不平凡。面對錯綜復雜的國際形勢和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展穩定任務，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央團結帶領全黨全國各族人民，迎難而上、砥礪前行，經受住世紀疫情嚴重沖擊，有效應對一系列重大風險挑戰，推動黨和國家事業取得新的重大成就。經濟運行穩中有進，高質量發展扎實推進；科技創新成果豐碩，新質生產力穩步發展；全面深化改革進一步推進，高水平對外開放不斷擴大；全過程人民民主深入發展，全面依法治國有效實施；文化事業和文化產業蓬勃發展，精神文化產品豐富多彩；民生保障扎實穩固，脫貧攻堅成果鞏固拓展；綠色低碳轉型步伐加快，生態環境質量持續改善；國家安全能力有效提升，社會治理效能增強，社會大局保持穩定；國防和軍隊建設取得重大進展；“一國兩制”實踐深入推進；中國特色大國外交全面拓展；全面從嚴治黨成效顯著，反腐敗斗爭縱深推進，黨的創造力、凝聚力、戰斗力明顯提高。我國經濟實力、科技實力、綜合國力躍上新臺階，中國式現代化邁出新的堅實步伐，第二個百年奮斗目標新征程實現良好開局。這些重大成就的取得，根本在于以習近平同志為核心的黨中央領航掌舵，在于習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引。

1. China's major development achievements in the 14th Five-Year Plan period

The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) has covered a momentous and extraordinary period in China's development. In the face of a complicated international landscape and the challenging domestic tasks of advancing reform, promoting development, and ensuring stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united the entire Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in meeting difficulties head-on and forging ahead with determination. This has allowed us to withstand the severe shocks from the once-in-a-century Covid-19 pandemic, respond effectively to a raft of major risks and challenges, and secure significant new achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. 

Over the past five years, we have maintained steady economic growth and made solid headway in pursuing high-quality development. We have seen fruitful advances in scientific and technological innovation and steady progress in fostering new quality productive forces. Reform has been further deepened across the board, and high-standard opening up has continuously expanded. We have made substantial progress in developing whole-process people's democracy and advanced law-based governance on all fronts to good effect. Cultural programs and industries have flourished, and people have enjoyed a wide range of cultural and intellectual products. Support for the public wellbeing has been reinforced, and our achievements in poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded. As the green and low-carbon transition has picked up pace, the environment has continued to improve. We have increased our capacity to safeguard national security, enhanced social governance, and maintained overall social stability. Major headway has been made in strengthening national defense and military development. The policy of One Country, Two Systems has been further advanced in practice. Progress has been secured on all fronts of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Impressive results have been achieved in the Party's full and rigorous self-governance, and the fight against corruption has been stepped up. Our Party's creativity, cohesion, and ability have all been markedly increased. With China reaching new heights in economic strength, scientific and technological ability, and composite national strength, we have made solid new strides in advancing Chinese modernization and gotten off to a good start on our new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal. 

We owe all these remarkable achievements to the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, which has been at the helm charting the course, and to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, which has provided sound guidance to advance our cause.

（2）“十五五”時期在基本實現社會主義現代化進程中具有承前啟后的重要地位。實現社會主義現代化是一個階梯式遞進、不斷發展進步的歷史過程，需要不懈努力、接續奮斗?！笆逦濉睍r期是基本實現社會主義現代化夯實基礎、全面發力的關鍵時期，要鞏固拓展優勢、破除瓶頸制約、補強短板弱項，在激烈國際競爭中贏得戰略主動，推動事關中國式現代化全局的戰略任務取得重大突破，為基本實現社會主義現代化奠定更加堅實的基礎。

2. The 15th Five-Year Plan period as a critical stage in building on past successes to break new ground for basically realizing socialist modernization

Socialist modernization can only be realized through a historical process of gradual and ongoing development. It requires the unremitting hard work of one generation after another. The period covered by the 15th Five-Year Plan will be critical in this process as we work to reinforce the foundations and push ahead on all fronts toward basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035. 

In this period, we must consolidate and build on our strengths, remove development bottlenecks, and shore up areas of weakness. We must seize the strategic initiative amid intense international competition and secure major breakthroughs in strategic tasks of overall importance to Chinese modernization. This will put us on firmer foundations for basically realizing socialist modernization.

（3）“十五五”時期我國發展環境面臨深刻復雜變化。大國關系牽動國際形勢，國際形勢演變深刻影響國內發展，我國發展處于戰略機遇和風險挑戰并存、不確定難預料因素增多的時期。從國際看，世界百年變局加速演進，國際力量對比深刻調整，新一輪科技革命和產業變革加速突破，我國具備主動運籌國際空間、塑造外部環境的諸多有利因素。同時，世界變亂交織、動蕩加劇，地緣沖突易發多發；單邊主義、保護主義抬頭，霸權主義和強權政治威脅上升，國際經濟貿易秩序遇到嚴峻挑戰，世界經濟增長動能不足；大國博弈更加復雜激烈。從國內看，我國經濟基礎穩、優勢多、韌性強、潛能大，長期向好的支撐條件和基本趨勢沒有變，中國特色社會主義制度優勢、超大規模市場優勢、完整產業體系優勢、豐富人才資源優勢更加彰顯。同時，發展不平衡不充分問題仍然突出；有效需求不足，國內大循環存在卡點堵點；新舊動能轉換任務艱巨；農業農村現代化相對滯后；就業和居民收入增長壓力較大，民生保障存在短板弱項；人口結構變化給經濟發展、社會治理等提出新課題；重點領域還有風險隱患。

3. Profound and intricate changes facing China's development environment in the 15th Five-Year Plan period

Relations between major countries have an important bearing on the international landscape, the dynamics of which will in turn exert a profound impact on the domestic development of every country. China is in a period of development where strategic opportunities exist alongside risks and challenges and uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising. 

Internationally, momentous changes of a magnitude not seen in a century are unfolding across the world at a faster pace. A profound shift is taking place in the international balance of power, and breakthroughs are accelerating in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. All this has created positive factors enabling China to make proactive moves in the international arena and shape a favorable external environment. Meanwhile, the changes we see in the world are intertwined with disturbances, turmoil continues to mount, and geopolitical conflicts flare up all too easily and frequently. Unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, and hegemonism and power politics pose greater threats. The international economic and trade order is facing grave challenges, and global economic growth lacks steam. Major-country rivalry is becoming more intricate and intense than ever. 

Domestically, the Chinese economy has a solid foundation, advantages in many areas, strong resilience, and great potential. The conditions for and underlying trend of long-term growth remain unchanged. More and more, we are seeing the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China's enormous market, its complete industrial system, and its abundant human resources all coming to the fore. However, development imbalances and inadequacies remain prominent. Effective demand is sluggish, and bottlenecks and obstacles are impeding economic flows. The task of transitioning to new growth drivers is formidable, and agricultural and rural modernization is lagging behind. There is considerable pressure weighing on employment and personal income growth, and gaps and weak links still exist in our work to ensure public wellbeing. Changes in China's demographic structure pose new challenges for economic development and social governance, and risks and hidden dangers persist in some key areas. 

變局蘊含機遇，挑戰激發斗志。全黨要深刻領悟“兩個確立”的決定性意義，增強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，保持戰略定力，增強必勝信心，積極識變應變求變，敢于斗爭、善于斗爭，勇于面對風高浪急甚至驚濤駭浪的重大考驗，以歷史主動精神克難關、戰風險、迎挑戰，集中力量辦好自己的事，續寫經濟快速發展和社會長期穩定兩大奇跡新篇章，奮力開創中國式現代化建設新局面。

Changes engender opportunities, and challenges bolster morale. All of us in the Party must acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and of establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership. 

We must maintain strategic resolve and enhance our confidence of success. We must proactively identify, respond to, and steer changes, demonstrate the courage and competence to carry forward our struggle, and dare to brave high winds, choppy waters, and even dangerous storms. We must seize the historical initiative to overcome difficulties, combat risks, and confront challenges, and focus on managing our own affairs well. We will write yet another chapter on the miracles of rapid economic growth and long-term social stability and strive to open up new horizons for Chinese modernization.

二、“十五五”時期經濟社會發展的指導方針和主要目標

II. Guiding Principles and Major Objectives for Economic and Social Development in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period

（4）“十五五”時期經濟社會發展的指導思想。堅持馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀，全面貫徹習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想，深入貫徹黨的二十大和二十屆歷次全會精神，圍繞全面建成社會主義現代化強國、實現第二個百年奮斗目標，以中國式現代化全面推進中華民族偉大復興，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，統籌國內國際兩個大局，完整準確全面貫徹新發展理念，加快構建新發展格局，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，堅持以經濟建設為中心，以推動高質量發展為主題，以改革創新為根本動力，以滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要為根本目的，以全面從嚴治黨為根本保障，推動經濟實現質的有效提升和量的合理增長，推動人的全面發展、全體人民共同富裕邁出堅實步伐，確?；緦崿F社會主義現代化取得決定性進展。

4. Guiding philosophy

We must stay committed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must thoroughly apply the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee. 

We must keep focused on realizing the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. We must ensure coordinated implementation of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy. Keeping in mind both domestic and international imperatives, we must fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to foster a new pattern of development, and adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. 

We will continue to pursue economic development as our central task, with high-quality development as our main focus, reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, meeting the people's ever-growing needs for a better life as our fundamental goal, and full and rigorous Party self-governance as the fundamental underpinning for all our efforts. 

We will promote higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output and make solid headway in promoting well-rounded personal development and common prosperity for all. All of this will allow us to secure decisive progress toward basically realizing socialist modernization.

（5）“十五五”時期經濟社會發展必須遵循的原則。

5. Core Principles

——堅持黨的全面領導。堅決維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導，提高黨把方向、謀大局、定政策、促改革能力，把黨的領導貫穿經濟社會發展各方面全過程，為我國社會主義現代化建設提供根本保證。

-- Upholding the Party's overall leadership

We must resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership and improve the Party's ability to chart the course, make overall plans, design policies, and promote reform. We must uphold the Party's leadership in all areas and at all stages of economic and social development, so as to fundamentally guarantee China's socialist modernization drive.

——堅持人民至上。尊重人民主體地位，緊緊依靠人民，維護人民根本利益，促進社會公平正義，注重在發展中保障和改善民生，在滿足民生需求中拓展發展空間，推動經濟和社會協調發展、物質文明和精神文明相得益彰，讓現代化建設成果更多更公平惠及全體人民。

-- Putting the people first

The principal position of the people must be respected. We will rely closely on the people, protect their fundamental interests, and promote social fairness and justice. We will focus on ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing through development and open up greater space for development in the course of satisfying their needs. We will promote coordinated economic and social development, ensure that material progress and cultural-ethical progress reinforce each other, and see to it that the gains of modernization benefit all our people fairly.

——堅持高質量發展。以新發展理念引領發展，因地制宜發展新質生產力，做強國內大循環，暢通國內國際雙循環，統籌擴大內需和深化供給側結構性改革，加快培育新動能，促進經濟結構優化升級，做優增量、盤活存量，推動經濟持續健康發展和社會全面進步。

-- Pursuing high-quality development

Our development will be guided by the new development philosophy. We should develop new quality productive forces in line with local conditions, strengthen the domestic economy, and promote unimpeded domestic and international economic flows. We will take coordinated steps to expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform, move faster to foster new drivers of growth, and improve and upgrade the economic structure. We will optimize the allocation of new resources while making best use of existing ones. This will help drive sustained, sound economic development and all-around social progress.

——堅持全面深化改革。聚焦制約高質量發展的體制機制障礙，推進深層次改革，擴大高水平開放，推動生產關系和生產力、上層建筑和經濟基礎、國家治理和社會發展更好相適應，持續增強發展動力和社會活力。

-- Comprehensively deepening reform

With a focus on removing institutional barriers that impede high-quality development, we must advance in-depth reform and expand high-standard opening up. We should work to better adapt the relations of production to the productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and national governance to social development and make sustained efforts to increase development momentum and boost the vitality of our society.

——堅持有效市場和有為政府相結合。充分發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發揮政府作用，構建統一、開放、競爭、有序的市場體系，建設法治經濟、信用經濟，打造市場化法治化國際化一流營商環境，形成既“放得活”又“管得好”的經濟秩序。

-- Promoting both an efficient market and a well-functioning government

We should see that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and that the government better fulfills its role. We should establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, develop a credit-based economy under the rule of law, and foster a first-rate business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized. This will enable us to create an economic order defined by both market vitality and effective regulation.

——堅持統籌發展和安全。在發展中固安全，在安全中謀發展，強化底線思維，有效防范化解各類風險，增強經濟和社會韌性，以新安全格局保障新發展格局。

-- Ensuring both development and security

It is essential for us to consolidate security in the course of development and pursue development in a secure environment. We must better prepare ourselves for worst-case scenarios, effectively prevent and mitigate all kinds of risks, and enhance the resilience of our economy and society, so as to safeguard China's new pattern of development with its new security architecture.

（6）“十五五”時期經濟社會發展的主要目標。

6. Major objectives

——高質量發展取得顯著成效。經濟增長保持在合理區間，全要素生產率穩步提升，居民消費率明顯提高，內需拉動經濟增長主動力作用持續增強，經濟增長潛力得到充分釋放，全國統一大市場建設縱深推進，超大規模市場優勢持續顯現，新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代化取得重大進展，發展新質生產力、構建新發展格局、建設現代化經濟體系取得重大突破。

-- Significant achievements in high-quality development

We should see that the economy keeps growing within an appropriate range, realize steady gains in total factor productivity, and achieve a notable increase in household consumption as a share of GDP. Domestic demand should play an increasingly greater role as the principal engine of economic growth, and the potential for growth should be fully unleashed. We should advance the development of a unified national market and see to it that the strengths of China's enormous market continue to shine. We should secure significant progress in new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, while working toward major breakthroughs in developing new quality productive forces, fostering a new pattern of development, and building a modernized economy.

——科技自立自強水平大幅提高。國家創新體系整體效能顯著提升，教育科技人才一體發展格局基本形成，基礎研究和原始創新能力顯著增強，重點領域關鍵核心技術快速突破，并跑領跑領域明顯增多，科技創新和產業創新深度融合，創新驅動作用明顯增強。

-- Substantial improvements in scientific and technological self-reliance and strength

We should markedly boost the overall performance of China's innovation system and establish a basic framework for the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources. We should significantly strengthen our capacity for basic research and original innovation, achieve faster progress in securing breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and see that China keeps pace or even leads the way in many more fields. Full integration should be achieved between technological and industrial innovation, and innovation should play a more prominent role in driving development.

——進一步全面深化改革取得新突破。國家治理體系和治理能力現代化深入推進，社會主義市場經濟體制更加完善，高水平對外開放體制機制更加健全，全過程人民民主制度化、規范化、程序化水平進一步提高，社會主義法治國家建設達到更高水平。

-- Fresh breakthroughs in further deepening reform comprehensively

Strides should be made in modernizing China's system and capacity for governance. We should continue to improve the socialist market economy, the systems and mechanisms for high-standard opening up, and the institutions, standards, and procedures for whole-process people's democracy, and move to a higher stage in building a socialist country under the rule of law. 

——社會文明程度明顯提升。文化自信更加堅定，主流思想輿論不斷鞏固壯大，社會主義核心價值觀廣泛踐行，全民族文化創新創造活力不斷激發，人民精神文化生活更加豐富，中華民族凝聚力和中華文化影響力顯著增強，國家軟實力持續提高。

-- Notable cultural and ethical progress across society

We should inspire greater confidence in Chinese culture among our people. Mainstream thoughts and views should enjoy stronger and more extensive support, and the core socialist values should prevail throughout society. We should further unleash the vitality of the entire nation for cultural creation and innovation and enrich the intellectual and cultural lives of our people. There should be a substantial increase in the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the appeal of Chinese culture and a continued rise in China's soft power. 

——人民生活品質不斷提高。高質量充分就業取得新進展，居民收入增長和經濟增長同步、勞動報酬提高和勞動生產率提高同步，分配結構得到優化，中等收入群體持續擴大，社會保障制度更加優化更可持續，基本公共服務均等化水平明顯提升。

-- Further improvements in quality of life

We should make new headway in promoting high-quality full employment. Personal incomes should increase in step with economic growth, and remuneration should rise in tandem with labor productivity increases. The structure of income distribution should be optimized, with the middle-income group continuing to expand. The social security system should be refined and put on a more sustainable footing, and access to basic public services should be made much more equitable. 

——美麗中國建設取得新的重大進展。綠色生產生活方式基本形成，碳達峰目標如期實現，清潔低碳安全高效的新型能源體系初步建成，主要污染物排放總量持續減少，生態系統多樣性穩定性持續性不斷提升。

-- Major new strides in advancing the Beautiful China Initiative

Eco-friendly ways of work and life should become the norm in society, the goal of peaking carbon emissions before 2030 should be achieved as scheduled, and a new clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system should take shape. There should be a continued drop in the total discharge of major pollutants, and the diversity, stability, and sustainability of our ecosystems should be steadily enhanced. 

——國家安全屏障更加鞏固。國家安全體系和能力進一步加強，重點領域風險得到有效防范化解，社會治理和公共安全治理水平明顯提高，建軍一百年奮斗目標如期實現，更高水平平安中國建設扎實推進。

-- Further advances in strengthening the national security shield

We should reinforce our system and capacity for safeguarding national security and effectively guard against and mitigate risks in key sectors. Noticeable improvements should be made in social governance and public safety governance. The centenary goals of the People's Liberation Army should be fulfilled by 2027. Solid progress should be made in advancing the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level. 

在此基礎上再奮斗五年，到二〇三五年實現我國經濟實力、科技實力、國防實力、綜合國力和國際影響力大幅躍升，人均國內生產總值達到中等發達國家水平，人民生活更加幸福美好，基本實現社會主義現代化。

Building on this, we will work hard for a further five years to see that by the year 2035 China's economic strength, scientific and technological ability, national defense capabilities, composite national strength, and international influence will all become markedly stronger, China's per capita GDP will be on a par with that of a mid-level developed country, our people will live better and happier lives, and socialist modernization will be basically realized. 

三、建設現代化產業體系，鞏固壯大實體經濟根基

III. Building a Modernized Industrial System and Reinforcing the Foundations of the Real Economy

現代化產業體系是中國式現代化的物質技術基礎。堅持把發展經濟的著力點放在實體經濟上，堅持智能化、綠色化、融合化方向，加快建設制造強國、質量強國、航天強國、交通強國、網絡強國，保持制造業合理比重，構建以先進制造業為骨干的現代化產業體系。

A modernized industrial system provides the material and technological foundations for Chinese modernization. We should keep our focus on the real economy, continue to pursue smart, green, and integrated development, and work faster to boost China's strength in manufacturing, product quality, aerospace, transportation, and cyberspace. The share of manufacturing in the national economy should be kept at an appropriate level, and a modernized industrial system should be developed with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. 

（7）優化提升傳統產業。推動重點產業提質升級，鞏固提升礦業、冶金、化工、輕工、紡織、機械、船舶、建筑等產業在全球產業分工中的地位和競爭力。提升產業鏈自主可控水平，強化產業基礎再造和重大技術裝備攻關，滾動實施制造業重點產業鏈高質量發展行動，發展先進制造業集群。推動技術改造升級，促進制造業數智化轉型，發展智能制造、綠色制造、服務型制造，加快產業模式和企業組織形態變革。增強質量技術基礎能力，強化標準引領、提升國際化水平，加強品牌建設。優化產業布局，促進重點產業在國內有序轉移。

7. Upgrading traditional industries

We should upgrade key industries and consolidate and enhance the position and competitiveness of China's industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, light industries, textiles, machinery, vessels, and construction in the global industrial division of labor. We should ensure that China's industrial chains become more self-supporting and risk-resilient. We should advance industrial foundation reengineering and research on major technologies and equipment. We should promote rolling implementation of high-quality development initiatives for key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector and develop advanced manufacturing clusters. 

We should promote technological transformation and upgrading to shift toward digital and intelligent development in the manufacturing sector, develop smart, green, and service-oriented manufacturing, and work faster to transform industrial models and enterprises' organizational forms. We should reinforce national quality infrastructure, strengthen standard-based guidance and make it more internationalized, and step up brand building. We should improve the industrial layout and promote the orderly relocation of key industries within China.

（8）培育壯大新興產業和未來產業。著力打造新興支柱產業。實施產業創新工程，一體推進創新設施建設、技術研究開發、產品迭代升級，加快新能源、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展。完善產業生態，實施新技術新產品新場景大規模應用示范行動，加快新興產業規?；l展。

8. Fostering emerging industries and industries of the future

We should redouble efforts to develop emerging pillar industries. We should launch industrial innovation projects and make integrated moves to construct innovation facilities, advance technological research and development (R&D), and promote product upgrading. We should accelerate the development of industrial clusters in strategic emerging fields such as new energy, new materials, aviation and aerospace, and the low-altitude economy. To improve the industrial ecosystem, we should carry out demonstration initiatives to extensively apply new technologies and products in new scenarios and scale up emerging industries at a faster pace. 

前瞻布局未來產業，探索多元技術路線、典型應用場景、可行商業模式、市場監管規則，推動量子科技、生物制造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、第六代移動通信等成為新的經濟增長點。創新監管方式，發展創業投資，建立未來產業投入增長和風險分擔機制。促進中小企業專精特新發展，培育獨角獸企業。

Forward-looking plans should be put in place for industries of the future. We need to explore diverse technology roadmaps, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulation rules and work to foster new drivers of economic growth such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen and nuclear fusion power, brain-computer interfaces, embodied artificial intelligence (AI), and 6G mobile communications. We should introduce new regulation methods, develop venture capital investment, and establish mechanisms to increase funding and share risks in future industries. We should promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products. We should also nurture unicorn companies.

（9）促進服務業優質高效發展。實施服務業擴能提質行動，擴大服務業開放，深化監管改革，完善支持政策體系，擴大優質經營主體，分領域推進生產性服務業向專業化和價值鏈高端延伸，促進生活性服務業高品質、多樣化、便利化發展。提高現代服務業與先進制造業、現代農業融合發展水平，推進服務業數智化。加強服務標準和質量品牌建設。健全服務業統計監測體系。

9. Promoting the high-quality, efficient development of the service sector

We should carry out capacity-expanding and quality-upgrading initiatives in the service sector, opening the sector wider, deepening regulatory reform, and refining support policies to create a broader range of quality market entities. We should steer producer services toward greater specialization and the higher end of the value chain on a sector-by-sector basis, while supporting the development of higher-quality, more diverse, and more accessible consumer services. We should promote the integration of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture and advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the service sector. We should step up efforts to improve standards, enhance quality, and build brands, and refine the statistical and monitoring systems for the service sector.

（10）構建現代化基礎設施體系。加強基礎設施統籌規劃，優化布局結構，促進集成融合，提升安全韌性和運營可持續性。適度超前建設新型基礎設施，推進信息通信網絡、全國一體化算力網、重大科技基礎設施等建設和集約高效利用，推進傳統基礎設施更新和數智化改造。完善現代化綜合交通運輸體系，加強跨區域統籌布局、跨方式一體銜接，強化薄弱地區覆蓋和通達保障。健全多元化、韌性強的國際運輸通道體系。優化能源骨干通道布局，加力建設新型能源基礎設施。加快建設現代化水網，增強洪澇災害防御、水資源統籌調配、城鄉供水保障能力。推進城市平急兩用公共基礎設施建設。

10. Developing a modernized infrastructure system

Infrastructure planning should be better coordinated to improve its layout and structure, drive integrated development, and ensure that infrastructure is safe, resilient, and sustainable. New types of infrastructure should be built with appropriate forward planning. Information and communication networks, the national integrated computing network, major science and technology infrastructure, and other key systems should be further developed and used intensively and efficiently. Traditional infrastructure should be upgraded and retrofitted with digital and intelligent technologies. 

We should improve the modern integrated transportation system, strengthening cross-regional coordination and planning, promoting multimodal integration, and improving transportation links and services in remote areas. We should enhance the diversity and resilience of international transportation routes. In the energy sector, efforts should be made to optimize the layout of primary arteries and develop new types of infrastructure. We should accelerate the development of a modern water network and enhance our capacity to prevent floods, coordinate the allocation of water resources, and ensure water supply in both urban and rural areas. We should continue to develop dual-use public infrastructure that can accommodate emergency needs in the cities.

四、加快高水平科技自立自強，引領發展新質生產力

IV. Achieving Greater Self-Reliance and Strength in Science and Technology and Steering the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

中國式現代化要靠科技現代化作支撐。抓住新一輪科技革命和產業變革歷史機遇，統籌教育強國、科技強國、人才強國建設，提升國家創新體系整體效能，全面增強自主創新能力，搶占科技發展制高點，不斷催生新質生產力。

Chinese modernization must be underpinned by modernization in science and technology. We must seize the historic opportunity presented by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to boost China's strength in education, science and technology, and human resources in a well-coordinated manner. We should enhance the overall performance of China's innovation system, raise our innovation capacity across the board, achieve a leading position in scientific and technological development, and keep fostering new quality productive forces.

（11）加強原始創新和關鍵核心技術攻關。完善新型舉國體制，采取超常規措施，全鏈條推動集成電路、工業母機、高端儀器、基礎軟件、先進材料、生物制造等重點領域關鍵核心技術攻關取得決定性突破。突出國家戰略需求，部署實施一批國家重大科技任務。加強基礎研究戰略性、前瞻性、體系化布局，提高基礎研究投入比重，加大長期穩定支持。強化科學研究、技術開發原始創新導向，優化有利于原創性、顛覆性創新的環境，產出更多標志性原創成果。

11. Promoting advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields

We should improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide and adopt unconventional measures to drive decisive breakthroughs in core technologies across entire chains in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end equipment, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing. A number of major national science and technology programs should be launched, with a focus on meeting our country's strategic needs. 

We should strengthen strategic, forward-looking, and systematic planning for basic research, direct a greater share of total R&D spending toward this field, and increase long-term, stable support. We need to place a stronger emphasis on original innovation in scientific research and technological development and create an optimal environment for original and disruptive innovation, in a bid to produce a larger number of original, landmark advances.

（12）推動科技創新和產業創新深度融合。統籌國家戰略科技力量建設，增強體系化攻關能力。強化科技基礎條件自主保障，統籌科技創新平臺基地建設。完善區域創新體系，布局建設區域科技創新中心和產業科技創新高地，強化國際科技創新中心策源功能。加快重大科技成果高效轉化應用，布局建設概念驗證、中試驗證平臺，加大應用場景建設和開放力度，加強知識產權保護和運用。營造具有全球競爭力的開放創新生態。支持青年科技人才創新創業。加強科學技術普及，培育創新文化，弘揚科學家精神。加強科技法治、倫理、誠信、安全建設。

12. Promoting full integration between technological and industrial innovation

We should coordinate efforts to build up China's strength in strategic science and technology and enhance our capacity for making systematic breakthroughs. We should strengthen self-sufficiency in scientific and technological infrastructure and take well-coordinated steps to develop innovation platforms and centers. We should improve regional innovation systems, develop regional technological innovation centers and industrial technological innovation hubs, and reinforce the role of international technological innovation centers as drivers of innovation. 

We should see that major scientific and technological advances can enter practical application quickly and efficiently. To this end, we should build more proof-of-concept and pilot-scale testing platforms, work harder to develop application scenarios and make them more accessible, and strengthen the protection and application of intellectual property rights. We should create an open and globally competitive innovation ecosystem. Young scientists and engineers should receive support to pursue innovation or start their businesses. We should promote scientific and technological literacy among the public, foster a culture of innovation, and nurture dedication to science. In addition, we must work harder to uphold the rule of law, ethics, integrity, and security in the sphere of science and technology.

強化企業科技創新主體地位，推動創新資源向企業集聚，支持企業牽頭組建創新聯合體、更多承擔國家科技攻關任務，鼓勵企業加大基礎研究投入，促進創新鏈產業鏈資金鏈人才鏈深度融合。培育壯大科技領軍企業，支持高新技術企業和科技型中小企業發展，提高企業研發費用加計扣除比例。加大政府采購自主創新產品力度。

The principal role of enterprises in technological innovation should be reinforced. We should facilitate the flow of innovation resources toward enterprises, support them in spearheading the creation of innovation consortia and in playing a greater role in major national science and technology programs, and encourage them to make more investments in basic research. We should also promote full integration of chains of innovation with those of industry, capital, and talent. 

We should nurture leading technology companies, support the development of new- and high-tech firms and sci-tech SMEs, and further raise the additional tax deductions for enterprises' R&D expenses. We should increase government procurement of homegrown innovative products.

（13）一體推進教育科技人才發展。建立健全一體推進的協調機制，強化規劃銜接、政策協同、資源統籌、評價聯動，促進科技自主創新和人才自主培養良性互動，建設具有全球影響力的教育中心、科學中心、人才中心。圍繞科技創新、產業發展和國家戰略需求協同育人，優化高校布局、分類推進改革、統籌學科設置，深入推進“雙一流”高校和國家交叉學科中心建設，強化科研機構、創新平臺、企業、科技計劃人才集聚培養功能，培育拔尖創新人才。加快建設國家戰略人才力量，培養造就更多戰略科學家、科技領軍人才、卓越工程師、大國工匠、高技能人才等各類人才。加強人才協作，優化人才結構，促進人才區域協調發展。以創新能力、質量、實效、貢獻為評價導向，深化項目評審、機構評估、人才評價、收入分配改革，暢通高校、科研院所、企業人才交流通道，激發創新創造動力活力。深化國際交流合作，建立高技術人才移民制度，引育世界優秀人才。

13. Pursuing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources

We need to institute sound mechanisms for advancing integration on this front, promoting greater coordination across development plans, policies, resources, and evaluations. We should foster positive interplay between indigenous technological innovation and the training of homegrown talent and develop globally influential centers for education, science, and talent. 

Orienting talent cultivation toward technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, we should optimize the layout of higher education institutions, advance reforms on a categorized basis, and coordinate the establishment of disciplines. We should continue to develop world-class universities and academic disciplines and national centers for interdisciplinary subjects, while better leveraging the role of research institutes, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology programs in pooling and nurturing talent. These endeavors will enable us to cultivate top-tier innovators. 

We should move faster to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of strategic importance to our country and cultivate talent of all types, including science strategists, leading scientists, outstanding engineers, master craftspeople, and highly-skilled workers. We should increase personnel collaboration and optimize talent structures to ensure that human resources better meet regional development needs. 

We should deepen reform of project reviews, institution assessments, talent evaluations, and income distribution to give greater weight to innovation capability, performance, outcomes, and contributions. We should open up channels for personnel flows between higher education institutions, research institutes, and enterprises to boost the dynamism and vitality for innovation and creation. We should deepen international exchanges and cooperation and establish an immigration system for highly-skilled personnel to attract and cultivate talent from around the world.

（14）深入推進數字中國建設。健全數據要素基礎制度，建設開放共享安全的全國一體化數據市場，深化數據資源開發利用。促進實體經濟和數字經濟深度融合，實施工業互聯網創新發展工程。加快人工智能等數智技術創新，突破基礎理論和核心技術，強化算力、算法、數據等高效供給。全面實施“人工智能+”行動，以人工智能引領科研范式變革，加強人工智能同產業發展、文化建設、民生保障、社會治理相結合，搶占人工智能產業應用制高點，全方位賦能千行百業。加強人工智能治理，完善相關法律法規、政策制度、應用規范、倫理準則。完善監管，推動平臺經濟創新和健康發展。

14. Advancing the Digital China Initiative

We should refine our foundational systems for data as a factor of production, foster an integrated national data market characterized by openness, sharing, and security, and advance the development and utilization of data resources. We should promote full integration between the real economy and the digital economy and advance the project for the innovative development of the Industrial Internet. We should accelerate innovation in digital and intelligent technologies such as AI, make breakthroughs in basic theories and core technologies, and ensure more efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data.

The AI Plus Initiative should be advanced across the board. We should steer the transformation of scientific research paradigms with AI, apply AI tools in industrial development, cultural advancement, public wellbeing initiatives, and social governance, and strive to gain the edge in AI industrial application. All these efforts will facilitate AI empowerment in all sectors on all fronts. We must also strengthen governance over AI and refine relevant laws, regulations, policies, systems, application standards, and ethical codes. We should conduct sound regulation of the platform economy to promote its innovative and healthy development.

五、建設強大國內市場，加快構建新發展格局

V. Building a Robust Domestic Market and Fostering a New Pattern of Development

強大國內市場是中國式現代化的戰略依托。堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點，堅持惠民生和促消費、投資于物和投資于人緊密結合，以新需求引領新供給，以新供給創造新需求，促進消費和投資、供給和需求良性互動，增強國內大循環內生動力和可靠性。

A strong domestic market provides strategic support for Chinese modernization. Guided by the strategy of expanding domestic demand, we should work toward improving living standards while increasing consumer spending and combine investment in physical assets with investment in human capital. We should see that new demand drives new supply, new supply helps create fresh demand, and positive interactions are fostered between consumption and investment and between supply and demand. All this will help enhance the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy. 

（15）大力提振消費。深入實施提振消費專項行動。統籌促就業、增收入、穩預期，合理提高公共服務支出占財政支出比重，增強居民消費能力。擴大優質消費品和服務供給。以放寬準入、業態融合為重點擴大服務消費，強化品牌引領、標準升級、新技術應用，推動商品消費擴容升級，打造一批帶動面廣、顯示度高的消費新場景。培育國際消費中心城市，拓展入境消費。加大直達消費者的普惠政策力度，增加政府資金用于民生保障支出。完善促進消費制度機制，清理汽車、住房等消費不合理限制性措施，建立健全適應消費新業態新模式新場景的管理辦法，落實帶薪錯峰休假。強化消費者權益保護。

15. Boosting consumption 

Special initiatives should be advanced to boost consumption. To increase people's spending power, we should make coordinated moves to boost employment, increase incomes, and keep expectations stable, and appropriately increase the share of fiscal expenditure that goes toward public services. The supply of high-quality consumer goods and services should be expanded. We should focus on easing market access and integrating various forms of business to boost consumption of services and work hard to build leading brands, raise standards, and apply new technologies to expand and upgrade goods consumption. We should also develop a batch of high-profile new consumption scenarios with broad appeal. 

We should develop more cities into international consumption centers and expand inbound consumption. Inclusive policies that directly benefit consumers should be strengthened, and the government should spend more on public wellbeing. We should refine the systems and mechanisms designed to drive consumption, abolish unreasonable restrictions on the purchase of motor vehicles and housing, and adopt management measures suitable for new forms, models, and scenarios of consumer spending. We should stagger paid leave. Consumer rights and interests should be better protected. 

（16）擴大有效投資。保持投資合理增長，提高投資效益。優化政府投資結構，提高民生類政府投資比重，高質量推進國家重大戰略實施和重點領域安全能力項目建設。適應人口結構變化和流動趨勢，完善基礎設施和公共服務設施布局，加強人力資源開發和人的全面發展投資。統籌用好各類政府投資，在工作基礎較好的地方探索編制全口徑政府投資計劃。加強政府投資全過程管理。深化投資審批制度改革，進一步明確中央和地方投資方向和重點。加強謀劃論證，實施一批重大標志性工程項目。完善民營企業參與重大項目建設長效機制，發揮政府投資基金引導帶動作用，激發民間投資活力、提高民間投資比重，增強市場主導的有效投資增長動力。

16. Expanding effective investment

We should maintain appropriate growth in investment and raise the returns it delivers. The structure of government investment should be optimized in order to allocate a larger portion to public wellbeing initiatives and ensure the high-quality development of programs for advancing major national strategies and bolstering security capacity in key areas. To respond to structural demographic shifts and population movement trends, we should improve the layouts of infrastructure and public service facilities and boost investment in human resources development and well-rounded personal development. 

We should coordinate the use of all types of government investment funds and take explorative steps to formulate overall government investment plans in areas with the initial groundwork in place. The entire process of government investment should be better managed. We should advance the reform of the investment review and approval system and further clarify the directions and priorities of central and local government investment. We should launch a new batch of major landmark projects on the basis of proper planning and deliberation. We should improve the long-term mechanisms for facilitating the participation of private enterprises in major projects and better leverage the guiding role of government investment funds, so as to spur private investment, increase its overall share, and boost growth momentum for market-driven effective investment. 

（17）堅決破除阻礙全國統一大市場建設卡點堵點。統一市場基礎制度規則，完善產權保護、市場準入、信息披露、社會信用、兼并重組、市場退出等制度，消除要素獲取、資質認定、招標投標、政府采購等方面壁壘，規范地方政府經濟促進行為，破除地方保護和市場分割。綜合整治“內卷式”競爭。統一市場監管執法，加強質量監管，完善行政裁量權基準制度，強化反壟斷和反不正當競爭執法司法，形成優質優價、良性競爭的市場秩序。健全一體銜接的流通規則和標準，高標準聯通市場設施，降低全社會物流成本。完善有利于統一大市場建設的統計、財稅、考核制度，優化企業總部和分支機構、生產地和消費地利益分享。

17. Eliminating bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market

We must ensure that the underlying institutions and rules of the market are unified across the nation. We should refine the systems for property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and reorganizations, and market exit and remove barriers related to production factor access, qualification accreditation, public bidding, and government procurement. We should regulate the economic promotion activities of local governments, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and address rat race competition through holistic measures. 

We should ensure unified law enforcement in market regulation, strengthen quality supervision, refine the standards on administrative discretion, and enhance law enforcement and judicial administration efforts to tackle monopolies and unfair competition. Our aim is to create a market order where good quality commands good prices and healthy competition prevails. 

We should establish well-aligned distribution rules and standards and pursue higher standards in enhancing market facility connectivity to cut logistics costs throughout society. We should improve the statistical, fiscal, tax, and evaluation systems to facilitate the development of a unified market and work toward optimized profit sharing between corporate headquarters and branches and between places of production and consumption. 

六、加快構建高水平社會主義市場經濟體制，增強高質量發展動力

VI. Developing a High-Standard Socialist Market Economy and Boosting the Momentum for High-Quality Development

高水平社會主義市場經濟體制是中國式現代化的重要保障。堅持和完善社會主義基本經濟制度，更好發揮經濟體制改革牽引作用，完善宏觀經濟治理體系，確保高質量發展行穩致遠。

A high-standard socialist market economy serves as an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We should uphold and improve China's basic socialist economic systems, better leverage the leading role of economic structural reform, and improve the macroeconomic governance system to ensure steady and sustained progress in high-quality development. 

（18）充分激發各類經營主體活力。堅持和落實“兩個毫不動搖”，促進各種所有制經濟優勢互補、共同發展。深化國資國企改革，做強做優做大國有企業和國有資本，推進國有經濟布局優化和結構調整，增強國有企業核心功能、提升核心競爭力。落實民營經濟促進法，從法律和制度上保障平等使用生產要素、公平參與市場競爭、有效保護合法權益，發展壯大民營經濟。支持中小企業和個體工商戶發展，推動大中小企業協同融通發展。強化產權執法司法保護，加強對查封、扣押、凍結等強制措施的司法監督。完善中國特色現代企業制度，弘揚企業家精神，加快建設更多世界一流企業。

18. Stimulating the vitality of all market entities

We must uphold and fulfill our commitments to both the public and the nonpublic sectors and see that economic entities under diverse forms of ownership complement each other and develop side by side. Reform of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) should be deepened. To help state capital and SOEs get stronger, perform better, and grow bigger, we should refine the layout of the state-owned sector, adjust its structure, and enhance the core functions and competitiveness of SOEs.

Acting in line with the Private Sector Promotion Law, we should leverage legal and institutional safeguards to see that all economic entities have equal access to factors of production and compete in the market on a level playing field and that their lawful rights and interests are effectively protected. All this will help the private sector grow bigger and stronger. We should support the development of SMEs and self-employed individuals and promote integrated and collaborative development of enterprises of all sizes. 

We should strengthen law enforcement and judicial administration to protect property rights and tighten judicial oversight over coercive measures such as the sealing, sequestering, and freezing of assets. We should refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features and promote entrepreneurial spirit to foster a greater number of world-class enterprises at a faster pace.

（19）加快完善要素市場化配置體制機制。促進各類要素資源高效配置，建立健全城鄉統一的建設用地市場、功能完善的資本市場、流動順暢的勞動力市場、轉化高效的技術市場。編制宏觀資產負債表，全面摸清存量資源資產底數，優化資產負債結構。完善并購、破產、置換等政策，盤活用好低效用地、閑置房產、存量基礎設施。完善工商業用地使用權續期法律法規，依法穩妥推進續期工作。推進全國行政事業單位存量國有資產盤活共享。推動司法判決執行與破產制度有機銜接，依法有效盤活被查封凍結財產。

19. Moving faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors

To promote the efficient allocation of all types of resources and production factors, we should develop a robust unified market for urban and rural construction land, a fully functional capital market, a free-flowing labor market, and a technology market that facilitates efficient industrial application. A national macro balance sheet should be established to give us a full picture of existing resources and assets and help us improve asset-liability ratios. Merger and acquisition, bankruptcy, and replacement policies should be improved to help put underused land, vacant housing, and idle infrastructure to better use. 

We should refine the laws and regulations for renewing the rights to use land for industrial and commercial purposes and prudently proceed with relevant work in accordance with the law. The idle state-owned assets held by administrative departments and public institutions nationwide should be put to good use and open for sharing. The enforcement of judicial rulings should be better aligned with the bankruptcy system so that seized and frozen assets will be used effectively in accordance with the law.

（20）提升宏觀經濟治理效能。強化國家發展規劃戰略導向作用，加強財政、貨幣政策協同，發揮好產業、價格、就業、消費、投資、貿易、區域、環保、監管等政策作用，促進形成更多由內需主導、消費拉動、內生增長的經濟發展模式。強化逆周期和跨周期調節，實施更加積極的宏觀政策，持續穩增長、穩就業、穩預期。增強宏觀政策取向一致性，強化政策實施效果評價，健全預期管理機制，優化高質量發展綜合績效考核。

20. Making macroeconomic governance more effective

We should strengthen the strategic guidance of national development plans, enhance coordination between fiscal and monetary policies, and leverage the roles of industrial, price, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regional, environmental protection, and regulation policies to create more models of economic growth that is led by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and sustained by self-generating momentum. We should bolster counter- and cross-cyclical adjustments and implement more proactive macro policies to keep growth, employment, and expectations stable. We should make macro policy orientations more consistent, strengthen evaluations of policy outcomes, refine expectations management mechanisms, and optimize comprehensive performance evaluations of high-quality development. 

發揮積極財政政策作用，增強財政可持續性。加強財政科學管理，加強財政資源和預算統籌，強化國家重大戰略任務和基本民生財力保障。深化零基預算改革，統一預算分配權，優化財政支出結構，加強預算績效管理。完善地方稅、直接稅體系，健全經營所得、資本所得、財產所得稅收政策，規范稅收優惠政策，保持合理的宏觀稅負水平。適當加強中央事權、提高中央財政支出比重。增加地方自主財力。加強財會監督。加快構建同高質量發展相適應的政府債務管理長效機制。

The role of proactive fiscal policy should be leveraged to improve fiscal sustainability. We should promote sound fiscal management and better coordinate fiscal resources and budgets to provide greater financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic public wellbeing initiatives. We should advance zero-based budgeting reform, unify budget allocation powers, optimize spending structures, and tighten performance-based budget management. 

We should improve the local tax system and the direct tax system, refine taxation policies on income generated from business operations, capital, and property, and place tax break policies under better regulation. The overall tax burden should be kept at an appropriate level. The central government should hold more fiscal powers as appropriate and accordingly raise the proportion of its expenditure. More fiscal resources should be placed at the disposal of local governments. Oversight on accounting should be enhanced. Expedited efforts should be made to establish long-term mechanisms for government debt management that meet the needs of high-quality development.

加快建設金融強國。完善中央銀行制度，構建科學穩健的貨幣政策體系和覆蓋全面的宏觀審慎管理體系，暢通貨幣政策傳導機制。大力發展科技金融、綠色金融、普惠金融、養老金融、數字金融。提高資本市場制度包容性、適應性，健全投資和融資相協調的資本市場功能。積極發展股權、債券等直接融資，穩步發展期貨、衍生品和資產證券化。優化金融機構體系，推動各類金融機構專注主業、完善治理、錯位發展。建設安全高效的金融基礎設施。穩步發展數字人民幣。加快建設上海國際金融中心。全面加強金融監管，強化央地監管協同，豐富風險處置資源和手段，構建風險防范化解體系，保障金融穩健運行。

We should work faster to boost China's strength in finance. We should refine the central bank system, establish a well-conceived, prudent monetary policy system and a far-ranging macro-prudential regulation system, and improve the monetary policy transmission mechanism. We should step up efforts to develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. We should make the capital market more institutionally inclusive and adaptable and better balance its investment and financing functions. We should actively develop direct financing such as equity and bonds and promote steady development of futures, derivatives, and asset securitization. 

We should improve the system of financial institutions and encourage institutions of all types to focus on their core business, improve their governance, and pursue distinctive development paths. Secure and efficient financial infrastructure should be put in place, and the digital Renminbi (RMB) should be steadily developed. We should move faster to build Shanghai into an international financial center. We should tighten up financial regulation across the board, with the central and local governments working in closer collaboration. We should draw on a full range of resources and means to address risks and develop the system for preventing and defusing risks, so as to ensure stable operations in the financial sector.

七、擴大高水平對外開放，開創合作共贏新局面

VII. Promoting High-Standard Opening Up and Creating New Horizons for Mutually Beneficial Cooperation

堅持開放合作、互利共贏是中國式現代化的必然要求。穩步擴大制度型開放，維護多邊貿易體制，拓展國際循環，以開放促改革促發展，與世界各國共享機遇、共同發展。

Opening up and cooperation for mutual benefit are integral to Chinese modernization. We must continue to expand opening up at the institutional level, safeguard the multilateral trading system, and promote broader international economic flows. We should draw momentum from opening up to propel reform and development, and share opportunities with the rest of the world and promote common development.

（21）積極擴大自主開放。對接國際高標準經貿規則，以服務業為重點擴大市場準入和開放領域，擴大單邊開放領域和區域。加快推進區域和雙邊貿易投資協定進程，擴大高標準自由貿易區網絡。優化區域開放布局，打造形態多樣的開放高地。實施自由貿易試驗區提升戰略，高標準建設海南自由貿易港。統籌布局建設科技創新、服務貿易、產業發展等重大開放合作平臺。推進人民幣國際化，提升資本項目開放水平，建設自主可控的人民幣跨境支付體系。推進全球經濟金融治理改革，推動構建和維護公平公正、開放包容、合作共贏的國際經濟秩序。

21. Opening China wider to the outside world

We should promote alignment with high-standard international economic and trade rules, expand market access and open up more areas, in particular in the service sector, and unilaterally open up more sectors to more regions. We should work faster to facilitate regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, and expand our network of high-standard free trade areas. 

We should optimize the regional planning for opening up and cultivate a diverse array of pacesetters in this regard. We should implement the strategy of upgrading pilot free trade zones and develop the Hainan Free Trade Port to high standards. Well-coordinated moves should be made to build major platforms for opening up and cooperation in areas such as technological innovation, trade in services, and industrial development. 

We should advance the internationalization of the RMB, pursue greater openness of RMB capital accounts, and build a homegrown, risk-controllable cross-border RMB payment system. We should promote reform in global economic and financial governance and work toward establishing and preserving an international economic order based on fairness, justice, openness, inclusiveness, and mutually beneficial cooperation. 

（22）推動貿易創新發展。促進外貿提質增效，加快建設貿易強國。推動市場多元化和內外貿一體化，優化升級貨物貿易，拓展中間品貿易、綠色貿易，推動進出口平衡發展。大力發展服務貿易，鼓勵服務出口，完善跨境服務貿易負面清單管理制度，提升服務貿易標準化水平。創新發展數字貿易，有序擴大數字領域開放。提升貿易促進平臺功能，支持跨境電商等新業態新模式發展。完善出口管制和安全審查機制。

22. Promoting the innovative development of trade

We should enhance both quality and performance in foreign trade and work faster to turn China into a strong trading nation. We need to promote market diversification and the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade. We should optimize and upgrade trade in goods, expand green trade and trade in intermediate goods, and pursue balanced development of imports and exports. 

We should boost the development of trade in services by encouraging exports, refining the negative list-based management system for cross-border trade, and improving standards. In the domain of digital trade, we should pursue innovative development and take well-ordered steps to expand opening up. We should enhance the functions of trade promotion platforms and support the development of new forms and models of business such as cross-border e-commerce. Mechanisms for export control and security review should be improved. 

（23）拓展雙向投資合作空間。塑造吸引外資新優勢，落實好“準入又準營”，縮減外資準入負面清單，促進外資境內再投資。健全外商投資服務保障體系，全面落實國民待遇，推進數據高效便利安全跨境流動，營造透明穩定可預期的制度環境。有效實施對外投資管理，健全海外綜合服務體系，促進貿易投資一體化，引導產業鏈供應鏈合理有序跨境布局。

23. Expanding two-way investment cooperation

We should foster new strengths in attracting foreign investment, ensuring both easy market access and accommodating business environments for foreign investors, shortening the negative list for foreign investment, and facilitating reinvestments made by foreign-funded enterprises in our country. We should improve the system of services and support for foreign investors, fully implement national treatment for foreign-funded firms, ensure efficient, convenient, and safe cross-border data flows, and create an institutional environment that is transparent, stable, and predictable. 

We should effectively manage outbound investment, improve comprehensive overseas services, and promote the integrated development of trade and investment. We should guide the overseas distribution of industrial and supply chains in a rational, orderly manner.

（24）高質量共建“一帶一路”。加強與共建國家戰略對接，強化合作規劃統籌管理。深化基礎設施“硬聯通”、規則標準“軟聯通”、同共建國家人民“心聯通”，完善立體互聯互通網絡布局，統籌推進重大標志性工程和“小而美”民生項目建設。提升中歐（亞）班列發展水平。加快西部陸海新通道建設。深化貿易、投資、產業、人文務實合作，拓展綠色發展、人工智能、數字經濟、衛生健康、旅游、農業等領域合作新空間。完善多元化、可持續、風險可控的投融資體系。加強海外利益保護。

24. Pursuing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation

We should strengthen strategic alignment with Belt and Road partner countries and better coordinate and manage cooperation programs. We should enhance connectivity in terms of both infrastructure and rules and standards and foster closer bonds with the people in these countries. We need to refine the multidimensional network connecting partner countries and advance both major signature projects and "small and beautiful" public wellbeing projects. Rail freight transportation between China and Europe and between China and other parts of Asia should be improved, and construction on the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor should pick up speed. 

We should deepen practical cooperation in the areas of trade, investment, industrial development, and people-to-people exchanges and launch new cooperation initiatives across fields such as green development, AI, the digital economy, health, tourism, and agriculture. We should improve the investment and financing systems to make them more diversified, sustainable, and risk-resilient. Our overseas interests should also be better protected. 

八、加快農業農村現代化，扎實推進鄉村全面振興

VIII. Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization and Advancing All-Around Rural Revitalization

農業農村現代化關系中國式現代化全局和成色。堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為全黨工作重中之重，促進城鄉融合發展，持續鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果，推動農村基本具備現代生活條件，加快建設農業強國。

Agricultural and rural modernization has a major bearing on Chinese modernization as a whole and the outcomes it delivers. We must give top priority to the issues related to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. We need to promote integrated urban-rural development, continue to consolidate and expand our achievements in poverty alleviation, basically ensure modern living conditions in rural areas, and secure faster progress in building up China's strength in agriculture. 

（25）提升農業綜合生產能力和質量效益。堅持產量產能、生產生態、增產增收一起抓，統籌發展科技農業、綠色農業、質量農業、品牌農業，把農業建成現代化大產業。加力實施新一輪千億斤糧食產能提升行動，增強糧食等重要農產品供給保障能力。嚴守耕地紅線，嚴格占補平衡管理，統籌農用地布局優化。高質量推進高標準農田建設，加強黑土地保護和鹽堿地綜合利用，提升耕地質量。深入實施種業振興行動，推進高端智能、丘陵山區適用農機裝備研發應用，促進良田良種良機良法集成增效。堅持農林牧漁并舉，發展現代設施農業，構建多元化食物供給體系。發展林下經濟，壯大林草產業。穩定土地承包關系，穩步推進二輪承包到期后再延長三十年試點。發展農業適度規模經營，提高新型農業經營主體發展質量，完善便捷高效的農業社會化服務體系，促進小農戶和現代農業發展有機銜接。

25. Enhancing the overall production capacity, quality, and performance of agriculture

We should emphasize both output and production capacity, both agricultural production and ecological conservation, and both output expansion and income growth and coordinate efforts to make agriculture more technology-driven, eco-friendly, quality-focused, and brand-oriented, thereby turning it into a modern pillar sector. We should step up efforts to advance a new round of initiatives for increasing grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons and improve our capacity for ensuring the supply of grain and other major agricultural products. 

To ensure that the total area of China's arable land stays above the specified redline, we must exercise strict management over the process of offsetting cultivated land that has been put to non-agricultural uses and improve the layout of agricultural land through a holistic approach. We should advance the high-quality development of high-standard cropland and strengthen the protection of black soil and the comprehensive use of saline and alkaline soils to improve the quality of our arable land. 

We should press ahead with initiatives to invigorate the seed industry and drive the R&D and application of high-end, smart agricultural machinery and equipment suited to hilly and mountainous areas. We should enhance agricultural efficiency through a combination of high-quality land, superior seeds, advanced machinery, and effective methods. To foster a diversified food supply system, we should continue to advance farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries in tandem and develop modern protected agriculture. We should boost the development of the non-timber forest-based economy and the forestry and grassland sectors.

We should keep rural land contract relationships stable and make steady progress in trials on extending second-round rural land contracts by another 30 years upon their expiration. We should develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations, improve the quality of new types of agribusiness, make commercial services for agriculture more accessible and efficient, and encourage small rural households to become involved in modern agriculture.

（26）推進宜居宜業和美鄉村建設。學習運用“千萬工程”經驗，因地制宜完善鄉村建設實施機制，分類有序、片區化推進鄉村振興，逐步提高農村基礎設施完備度、公共服務便利度、人居環境舒適度。統籌優化村鎮布局，推動縣域基礎設施一體化規劃建設管護。協同推進縣域國土空間治理，穩步開展全域土地綜合整治，持續整治提升農村人居環境，以釘釘子精神解決好農村改廁、垃圾圍村等問題，加快補齊農村現代生活條件短板，創造鄉村優質生活空間。發展各具特色的縣域經濟，開發農業多種功能，推動農村一二三產業深度融合，培育壯大鄉村特色產業，完善聯農帶農機制，促進農民穩定增收。

26. Building a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in

We should draw on the experience gained in the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province, refine the mechanisms for countryside development based on local conditions, and adopt a zonal, category-based approach to systematically advancing rural revitalization. We should take well-ordered steps to put in place more complete infrastructure systems, make public services more accessible, and improve the living environment in rural areas. We should coordinate our work on improving the layouts of villages and towns and promote the integrated planning, construction, and maintenance of county infrastructure. 

We should make coordinated efforts to advance territorial space governance at the county level and steadily carry out comprehensive county-wide land improvement initiatives. We should continue improving the rural living environment, devoting tenacious efforts to dealing with issues such as upgrading toilets and clearing up waste, and moving faster to address inadequacies in the provision of proper modern amenities, so as to create fine living spaces in rural areas. 

We should develop county economies with unique features, explore multiple functions of agriculture, and promote greater integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in rural areas. We should nurture distinctive rural industries and refine the mechanisms for involving more rural residents to help sustain rural income growth.

（27）提高強農惠農富農政策效能。健全財政優先保障、金融重點傾斜、社會積極參與的多元投入格局，確保鄉村振興投入力度不斷增強。保護和調動農民務農種糧積極性，強化價格、補貼、保險等政策支持和協同。加大糧食主產區利益補償力度，實施產銷區省際橫向利益補償。加強糧食購銷和儲備管理。推進農產品進口多元化，促進貿易和生產相協調。推動城鄉要素雙向流動，激勵各類人才下鄉服務和創業就業。節約集約利用農村集體經營性建設用地，依法盤活用好閑置土地和房屋，分類保障鄉村發展用地。支持發展新型農村集體經濟。

27. Ensuring that policies aimed at strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching rural areas deliver greater outcomes 

We should improve the diversified investment framework based on priority fiscal support, preferential financial backing, and broad participation by non-governmental entities, all to ensure that investment in rural revitalization continues to rise. We should keep farmers motivated in growing grains or engaging in other agricultural activities by giving them stronger price, subsidy, and insurance support in a more coordinated way. We should increase compensation for major grain-producing areas and implement a cross-provincial mechanism for major grain-purchasing areas to compensate major grain-producing areas. We should enhance grain purchases and sales and better manage grain reserves. 

The import of agricultural products should be further diversified, and trade and production should be better coordinated. We should promote the two-way flow of production factors between urban and rural areas and provide incentives for various types of personnel to offer services, start businesses, or seek employment in rural areas. We should promote the economical, efficient use of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, put idle land and vacant housing to good use in accordance with the law, and ensure the provision of rural development land across various categories. Support should be provided for the development of new rural collective economies.

統籌建立常態化防止返貧致貧機制，堅持精準幫扶，完善兜底式保障，強化開發式幫扶，增強內生動力，分層分類幫扶欠發達地區，健全鄉村振興重點幫扶縣支持政策，確保不發生規模性返貧致貧。

We should make coordinated efforts to establish regular mechanisms for preventing rural residents from lapsing or relapsing into poverty. We should continue to provide well-targeted assistance, strengthen support to help those most in need, ramp up development-based assistance, and boost internal impetus for development. We should provide multi-tiered and categorized assistance for underdeveloped areas, enhance policies supporting key counties in need of assistance in achieving rural revitalization, and make every effort to guard against any large-scale lapse or relapse into poverty.

九、優化區域經濟布局，促進區域協調發展

IX. Refining the Regional Economic Layout and Promoting Coordinated Regional Development

區域協調發展是中國式現代化的內在要求。發揮區域協調發展戰略、區域重大戰略、主體功能區戰略、新型城鎮化戰略疊加效應，優化重大生產力布局，發揮重點區域增長極作用，構建優勢互補、高質量發展的區域經濟布局和國土空間體系。

Coordinated regional development is essential for Chinese modernization. We should give full play to the synergies between the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy, improve the distribution of major productive forces, and ensure that key regions play their role as growth poles. Our goal is to develop a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that enable regions to leverage their complementary strengths in pursuit of high-quality development.

（28）增強區域發展協調性。扎實推動西部大開發形成新格局、東北全面振興取得新突破、中部地區加快崛起、東部地區加快推進現代化，促進東中西、南北方協調發展。鞏固提升京津冀、長三角、粵港澳大灣區高質量發展動力源作用。持續推進長江經濟帶發展、黃河流域生態保護和高質量發展。高標準高質量推進雄安新區建設現代化城市，提升成渝地區雙城經濟圈發展能級。鼓勵各地發揮比較優勢、各展所長，支持經濟大省挑大梁，在推進中國式現代化中走在前作示范。加大差異化政策支持力度，促進革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區等振興發展。

28. Promoting more coordinated regional development 

We should take solid steps to open up a new vista in the large-scale development of the western region, achieve new breakthroughs in the full revitalization of the Northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to modernize more quickly. We should promote more coordinated development between the eastern, central, and western regions and between the southern and northern regions. 

We should consolidate and enhance the roles of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as engines of high-quality development. We should continue to advance the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We should build Xiong'an New Area into a modern city through high-standard, high-quality development and boost the development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone. 

We should encourage all regions to leverage their comparative advantages and distinctive strengths. We should support major provincial economies in assuming greater responsibility and encourage them to play a leading, exemplary role in advancing Chinese modernization. We should strengthen tailored policy support to promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, and border areas. 

（29）促進區域聯動發展。推進跨區域跨流域大通道建設，強化區域基礎設施互聯互通。加強重點城市群協調聯動發展，促進區域創新鏈產業鏈高效協作。推動長江中游城市群等加快發展，培育發展若干區域性中心城市，更好發揮跨區域聯結型地區支撐帶動作用。深化跨行政區合作，健全區域間規劃統籌、產業協作、利益共享等機制，拓展流域經濟等模式。

29. Boosting interconnected development between regions

We should advance the construction of major corridors between regions and across river basins and strengthen regional infrastructure connectivity. We should push forward with the coordinated and interconnected development of key city clusters and promote more efficient regional collaboration in industrial and innovation chains. 

We should accelerate the development of city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and in other areas, develop a number of major cities as regional centers, and give better play to the role of cross-regional areas in supporting and driving the development of surrounding regions. We should increase cooperation across administrative divisions, improve mechanisms to facilitate coordinated planning, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing between different regions, and develop new regional growth models such as the river basin economy. 

（30）優化國土空間發展格局。強化主體功能區戰略實施，保持城市化地區、農產品主產區、重點生態功能區格局總體穩定，細化明確特殊功能區，完善支持政策和考核評價機制。推動戰略性產業、能源資源基地等布局優化。完善國土空間規劃體系，落實優化耕地和永久基本農田、生態保護紅線、城鎮開發邊界等控制線，分區分類實施差別化、精細化用途管制。賦予省級政府統籌建設用地更大自主權，探索實施建設用地總量按規劃期管控模式，實行統籌存量和增量綜合供地。

30. Improving the development of territorial spaces 

We should intensify our efforts to implement the functional zoning strategy. We should keep the general layout encompassing urban zones, major agricultural production zones, and key ecosystem service zones stable, formulate detailed, specific plans for special functional zones, and refine relevant supporting policies and assessment and evaluation mechanisms. We should also work to optimize the layouts of strategic industries and energy and resource bases. 

The territorial space planning system should be improved. We should enforce and refine arable land and permanent basic cropland redlines, ecological conservation redlines, and urban development boundaries, and implement differentiated and rigorous regulation on territorial space use in different regions and categories. Provincial-level governments should be given more power to manage land designated for construction purposes. We should explore an approach to keeping the total area of construction land within the limit set for each planning period and ensure the supply of land by taking stock of both existing and new land resources.

（31）深入推進以人為本的新型城鎮化?？茖W有序推進農業轉移人口市民化，推行由常住地登記戶口提供基本公共服務制度。推進超大特大城市治理現代化，加快城市群一體化和都市圈同城化，優化城市規模結構，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展、集約緊湊布局。分類推進以縣城為重要載體的城鎮化建設，提升產業支撐能力和公共服務水平。堅持城市內涵式發展，大力實施城市更新，建設創新、宜居、美麗、韌性、文明、智慧的現代化人民城市。扎實推進邊境城鎮建設。

31. Promoting people-centered new urbanization 

We should take well-conceived, systematic measures to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas and implement systems that allow people to obtain household registration and access basic public services in their place of permanent residence. We should modernize the governance of super-large and mega cities, accelerate integrated development in city clusters and in metropolitan areas, optimize the scale and spatial structures of cities, and work to ensure that cities of different sizes and small towns develop in coordination with each other to form efficient and closely knit layouts. We should adopt a categorized approach to advancing urbanization with a focus on county seats, with the aim of better supporting industrial development and improving public services. We should continue to tap the full potential of cities, make a strong push to advance urban renewal, and build people-centered modern cities that are innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, culturally rich, and smart. Concrete steps should also be taken to promote the development of cities and towns in border regions. 

（32）加強海洋開發利用保護。堅持陸海統籌，提高經略海洋能力，推動海洋經濟高質量發展，加快建設海洋強國。加強海洋科技創新，鞏固提升海洋裝備制造業優勢，壯大海洋新興產業，發展現代航運服務業。實施海洋調查和觀測監測，推進海洋能源資源和海域海島開發利用，加強重點海域生態環境保護修復。強化深海極地考察支撐保障體系。堅定維護海洋權益和安全，提高海上執法和海事司法能力。

32. Strengthening marine development, utilization, and protection 

We should pursue coordinated land and marine development, increase the capacity for sea management, advance high-quality development of the marine economy, and step up efforts to build China into a strong maritime country. Innovation in marine science and technology should be strengthened. We should consolidate and enhance our edge in marine equipment manufacturing, build up emerging maritime industries, and develop modern shipping services. 

We should conduct marine surveys, observation, and monitoring and advance the development and utilization of marine energy and resources, sea areas, and islands. The protection and restoration of ecosystems in key sea areas should be strengthened. Systems for supporting deep-sea and polar-region expeditions should be improved. We must resolutely safeguard our maritime rights, interests, and security and improve our capacity for maritime law enforcement and judicial administration of marine affairs. 

十、激發全民族文化創新創造活力，繁榮發展社會主義文化

X. Inspiring the Cultural Creativity of Our Entire Nation and Fostering a Thriving Socialist Culture

文化繁榮興盛是中國式現代化的重要標志。堅持馬克思主義在意識形態領域的指導地位，植根博大精深的中華文明，順應信息技術發展潮流，發展具有強大思想引領力、精神凝聚力、價值感召力、國際影響力的新時代中國特色社會主義文化，扎實推進文化強國建設。

A flourishing culture is a hallmark of Chinese modernization. We must uphold the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain, remain rooted in the broad and rich Chinese culture, and follow the trends of information technology. On this basis, we should develop a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the new era—a culture that has the power to guide, unite, and inspire our people and enjoys strong international appeal. This will see us making tangible progress in building China into a country with a strong culture. 

（33）弘揚和踐行社會主義核心價值觀。深化黨的創新理論學習和宣傳教育，堅持不懈用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想凝心鑄魂。創新實施馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程，加快構建中國哲學社會科學自主知識體系。以社會主義核心價值觀引領文化建設，發揮文化養心志、育情操的作用，涵養全民族昂揚奮發的精神氣質。弘揚誠信文化、廉潔文化。加強和改進思想政治工作，推進校園文化建設，用好紅色資源，加強青少年理想信念教育。統籌推進城鄉精神文明建設，提升人民文明素養和社會文明程度。加強網絡內容建設和管理。提升信息化條件下文化領域治理能力。

33. Promoting and practicing the core socialist values 

We should devote greater efforts to the study, public communication, and education of the Party's latest theories and continue to build cohesion and inner strength with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We should develop new approaches to implementing the project to study and develop Marxist theory and accelerate the building of a Chinese intellectual system in philosophy and social sciences. We should steer our cultural development with the core socialist values, harness the role of culture in nurturing the mind and cultivating character, and further elevate the morale of the entire nation. 

We should promote credibility and integrity in society. We should strengthen and improve theoretical and political work, promote the development of campus culture, make the best use of resources related to the Party's heritage, and work to foster ideals and convictions among our young people. We should make coordinated efforts to promote cultural-ethical progress in both urban and rural areas, with a view to fostering civic virtue and enhancing public civility. Greater efforts should be made to improve the quality and management of online content. We should enhance our governance capacity in the cultural sector in the information age. 

（34）大力繁榮文化事業。營造良好文化生態，提升文化原創能力，推動新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術等領域精品創作。培育形成規模宏大、結構合理、銳意創新的高水平文化人才隊伍。廣泛開展群眾性文化活動，繁榮互聯網條件下新大眾文藝。深化主流媒體系統性變革，推進新聞宣傳和網絡輿論一體化管理，提高主流輿論引導能力。深入實施中華優秀傳統文化傳承發展工程，推動文化遺產系統性保護和統一監管督察，加強歷史文化名城、街區、村鎮有效保護和活態傳承。建好用好國家文化公園。構建中華文明標識體系。堅持文化惠民，實施公共文化服務提質增效行動。推進書香社會建設。統籌推進群眾體育和競技體育發展，加快建設體育強國。

34. Boosting cultural programs 

We should foster a sound cultural ecosystem, nurture original cultural creation, and promote the production of outstanding works in fields such as the press, publishing, radio, television, film, literature, and art. We need to develop a large, well-structured contingent of high-performing, dedicated, and innovative personnel in the cultural sector. We should roll out broad-based public cultural activities and promote new forms of literature and art for the general public in the internet age. We should push forward with the systemic transformation of mainstream media and the integrated management of media communication and online public opinion, so the mainstream media serves to better guide public opinion. 

We should continue with the project to pass on and develop fine traditional Chinese culture. Cultural heritage protection should be systematically advanced and put under unified supervision and inspection. Effective preservation approaches should be adopted in cities, urban districts, towns, and villages renowned for their historical and cultural heritage to see that they continue to develop as living monuments to history. We should build and make good use of national cultural parks and develop a system of defining symbols of Chinese culture. 

Cultural development must remain oriented toward the public benefit, and initiatives should be launched to enhance the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. Further efforts should be made to foster a culture of reading in our society. Recreational and competitive sports should be developed through a coordinated approach to see that we make faster progress in building China into a country strong in sports. 

（35）加快發展文化產業。完善文化管理體制和生產經營機制。健全文化產業體系和市場體系，培育優秀文化企業和品牌，實施重大文化產業項目帶動戰略，實施積極的文化經濟政策。推進文化和科技融合，推動文化建設數智化賦能、信息化轉型，發展新型文化業態。引導規范網絡文學、網絡游戲、網絡視聽等健康發展，加強未成年人網絡保護。推進旅游強國建設，豐富高品質旅游產品供給，提高旅游服務質量。提升入境游便利化國際化水平。推進文旅深度融合，大力發展文化旅游業，以文化賦能經濟社會發展。

35. Accelerating the development of cultural industries 

Improvements should be made to the cultural management system and the mechanisms for production and operations in the cultural sector. We should refine the systems for cultural industries and markets, cultivate outstanding cultural enterprises and brands, implement the strategy of boosting the cultural sector through major projects, and roll out proactive economic policies for the sector. 

We need to further integrate culture and technology. We must empower cultural development with digital and intelligent technologies and shift to an IT-based development model, while working to foster new forms of cultural business. We should provide guidance and regulation to promote sound development of online literature, games, and audio & video content, and strengthen the protection of minors in cyberspace. 

To boost China's tourism sector, we should develop a broader range of high-grade tourism products and improve the quality of tourism services. More convenient and foreigner-friendly services should be provided for inbound tourists. We should spur deeper integration of culture and tourism through the vigorous development of cultural tourism and use culture to empower economic and social development. 

（36）提升中華文明傳播力影響力。完善國際傳播體制機制，創新傳播載體和方式，加強重點基地建設，增強主流媒體國際傳播能力，全面提升國際話語權，講好中國故事，展現可信、可愛、可敬的中國形象。加強區域國別研究，提升國際傳播效能。深化文明交流互鑒，廣泛開展國際人文交流合作，鼓勵更多文化企業和優秀文化產品走向世界。

36. Extending the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization 

We should improve the institutions and mechanisms for international communication. We need to create new mediums and ways of conducting communication, further develop key communication centers, and see that the mainstream media enhances its capacity for international communication. Our goal is to give China a stronger voice in the international arena on all fronts, better tell China's stories, and present a China that is credible, appealing, and respectable. 

We should strengthen country and region studies to make international communication more effective. We should engage in deeper exchanges and mutual learning with other cultures, carry out extensive people-to-people exchanges and cooperation, and encourage efforts to build the presence of more cultural enterprises and fine cultural works on the world stage. 

十一、加大保障和改善民生力度，扎實推進全體人民共同富裕

XI. Ensuring and Improving Public Wellbeing and Promoting Common Prosperity for All

實現人民對美好生活的向往是中國式現代化的出發點和落腳點。堅持盡力而為、量力而行，加強普惠性、基礎性、兜底性民生建設，解決好人民群眾急難愁盼問題，暢通社會流動渠道，提高人民生活品質。

Meeting the people's aspirations for a better life is the immutable goal of Chinese modernization. In line with the principle of doing everything within our means, we must ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and provide a cushion for those most in need, and work to resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern the people most. The channels of social mobility should remain unimpeded, and living standards should be further improved. 

（37）促進高質量充分就業。深入實施就業優先戰略，健全就業促進機制，構建就業友好型發展方式。加強產業和就業協同，積極培育新職業新崗位，支持企業穩崗擴崗。完善人力資源供需匹配機制，健全終身職業技能培訓制度，強化擇業和用人觀念引導，著力解決結構性就業矛盾。完善就業支持和公共服務體系，穩定和擴大高校畢業生、農民工、退役軍人等重點群體就業，推動靈活就業、新就業形態健康發展。加大創業支持力度，增強創業帶動就業效應。完善勞動標準體系和勞動關系協商協調機制，加強勞動者權益保障，營造公平有序就業環境。完善就業影響評估和監測預警，綜合應對外部環境變化和新技術發展對就業的影響。

37. Promoting high-quality full employment

We should push forward with the employment-first strategy, improve related support mechanisms, and make our development model more employment-friendly. We should foster greater synergy between industry and employment, actively nurture new jobs and occupations, and help enterprises stabilize payrolls and step up hiring. 

We should improve the mechanisms for matching the supply of human resources with demand, refine the system of lifelong vocational skills training, and work to effectively guide public opinion regarding career choices and personnel recruitment, with a view to addressing structural employment challenges. We should refine the employment support and public services system, and stabilize and expand employment among key groups, including college graduates, rural migrant workers, and ex-service members. We should also promote the healthy development of flexible and new forms of employment. 

We should ramp up support for entrepreneurship and help business startups create more jobs. We should refine labor standards and the mechanisms for labor relation consultations and mediation and better protect the rights and interests of workers to create a fair and orderly employment environment. We should improve assessment, monitoring, and early warning regarding employment impacts, and respond in a holistic way to the effects of external changes and emerging technologies on employment. 

（38）完善收入分配制度。堅持按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存，提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。健全各類要素由市場評價貢獻、按貢獻決定報酬的初次分配機制，促進多勞者多得、技高者多得、創新者多得。完善勞動者工資決定、合理增長、支付保障機制，推行工資集體協商制度，健全最低工資標準調整機制，加強企業工資分配宏觀指導。多渠道增加城鄉居民財產性收入。加強稅收、社會保障、轉移支付等再分配調節。促進和規范公益慈善事業發展。規范收入分配秩序和財富積累機制，支持勤勞創新合法致富，鼓勵先富帶后富促共富。實施城鄉居民增收計劃，有效增加低收入群體收入，穩步擴大中等收入群體規模，合理調節過高收入，取締非法收入，推動形成橄欖型分配格局。

38. Improving the income distribution system 

We must keep distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple forms of distribution existing alongside it. We should work to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution. 

We should improve the mechanisms through which the contributions of production factors are determined by the market and rewarded accordingly in primary distribution. This will allow higher incomes for those who work hard, possess highly valued skills, or excel at innovation. We should also improve the mechanisms for determining wages, keeping them increasing at a reasonable rate, and ensuring their full payment. We should implement a system for collective wage bargaining, refine the mechanism for minimum wage adjustments, and strengthen macro guidance for enterprises on wage distribution. 

We should leverage multiple channels to increase the property income of both urban and rural residents and promote further redistribution by means of taxation, social security, and transfer payments. Public interest activities and charities should be advanced and placed under better regulation. We should keep income distribution and the means of accumulating wealth well-regulated and support the acquirement of wealth through hard work, innovation, and lawful activities. We should encourage those who are already well-off to assist others in increasing wealth and promote prosperity for all. 

We should put into effect an income growth plan for both urban and rural residents, effectively increase the earnings of low-income people, steadily enlarge the middle-income group, make reasonable adjustments to excessive incomes, and eliminate illicit gains, all with the aim of facilitating the formation of an oval-shaped structure of distribution. 

（39）辦好人民滿意的教育。實施新時代立德樹人工程，促進思政課堂和社會課堂有效融合，加強體育、美育、勞動教育，完善教育評價體系。健全與人口變化相適應的教育資源配置機制，擴大學齡人口凈流入城鎮的教育資源供給。穩步擴大免費教育范圍，探索延長義務教育年限。推動基礎教育擴優提質，統籌義務教育優質均衡發展、學前教育優質普惠發展，擴大普通高中辦學資源，辦好特殊教育、專門教育。推動高等教育提質擴容，擴大優質本科教育招生規模。提升職業學校辦學能力，建設特色鮮明高職院校。引導規范民辦教育發展。擴大高水平教育對外開放。弘揚教育家精神，培養造就高水平教師隊伍，強化教師待遇保障。健全學校家庭社會協同育人機制。深入實施教育數字化戰略，優化終身學習公共服務。

39. Developing education that meets the people's expectations 

We should carry out the project of fostering virtue through education in the new era, promote effective integration between political studies in the classroom and practice in society, and strengthen physical, aesthetic, and labor skills education. The educational assessment system should also be refined. We should improve the mechanisms for allocating educational resources in response to demographic changes and channel more resources to urban areas with net inflows of school-age populations. 

We should steadily expand the coverage of free education and explore the extension of the length of compulsory education. Basic education should be upgraded: coordinated efforts should be made to ensure more balanced, better-quality compulsory education and more inclusive and higher-quality preschool education; more resources should go to regular senior secondary schools; and special needs and specialized education programs should be well run. 

We should expand and improve higher education and increase enrollment in quality undergraduate programs. We should enhance the training capacities of vocational schools and develop vocational colleges with distinctive features. We should guide and regulate the development of private education and expand high-standard opening up in the education sector. 

We should promote the educators' ethos, cultivate high-caliber teachers, and ensure better pay and benefits for teachers. We should improve the school-family-society collaboration mechanism in education, advance the digital transformation strategy for education, and optimize public services in support of lifelong learning. 

（40）健全社會保障體系。完善并落實基本養老保險全國統籌制度，加快發展多層次、多支柱養老保險體系，健全待遇確定和調整機制，逐步提高城鄉居民基礎養老金。健全多層次醫療保障體系，推進基本醫療保險省級統籌，優化藥品集采、醫保支付和結余資金使用政策。擴大失業、工傷保險覆蓋面，建立健全職業傷害保障制度。完善社保關系轉移接續政策，提高靈活就業人員、農民工、新就業形態人員參保率。健全社會保險精算制度，繼續劃轉國有資本充實社?；?，健全社保基金長效籌集、統籌調劑、保值增值和安全監管機制。發揮各類商業保險補充保障作用。優化全國統一的社保公共服務平臺和經辦管理服務。健全社會救助體系。完善空巢老人、困境兒童、殘疾人等群體服務保障體系。建立健全基本殯葬服務制度。堅持男女平等基本國策，保障婦女兒童合法權益。加強退役軍人服務保障。

40. Improving the social security system

We should improve and implement the unified national management system for basic old-age insurance funds, move faster to develop the multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, and improve the mechanisms for setting and adjusting benefits. Basic old-age insurance benefits for rural and non-working urban residents should be gradually increased. We should improve the multi-tiered medical security system, advance unified management of basic medical insurance funds at the provincial level, and improve the policies on centralized medicine procurement, medical insurance payment, and the use of surplus funds. We should expand the coverage of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation schemes and build sound systems for occupational injury insurance. We should improve the policies for transferring social security accounts and work for wider social security coverage among rural migrant workers as well as people in flexible employment and new forms of employment.

We should improve the social insurance actuarial system, continue to transfer a portion of state capital to replenish social security funds, and improve the mechanisms for guaranteeing long-term, sustainable contributions to social security funds, conducting overall management and regulation of funds, maintaining and increasing their value, and ensuring their safety. Commercial insurance schemes should be leveraged as a supplementary support. We should improve the uni?ed national platform for social insurance public services and the management of and services by insurance agencies nationwide.

We should refine the social assistance system, improve the service and support system for elderly people who live alone, children in need, and people with disabilities, and put in place a sound system for basic funeral services. We must remain committed to the basic state policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. We should continue to improve services and support for ex-service members.

（41）推動房地產高質量發展。加快構建房地產發展新模式，完善商品房開發、融資、銷售等基礎制度。優化保障性住房供給，滿足城鎮工薪群體和各類困難家庭基本住房需求。因城施策增加改善性住房供給。建設安全舒適綠色智慧的“好房子”，實施房屋品質提升工程和物業服務質量提升行動。建立房屋全生命周期安全管理制度。

41. Promoting high-quality development in the real estate sector

We must work faster to cultivate a new development model for the real estate sector and further improve foundational systems for the development, financing, and sales of commodity housing. We should improve the supply of government-subsidized housing to meet the basic housing needs of urban salaried workers and families with difficulties. City-specific policies should be adopted to increase supply to meet people's needs for better housing. We should build more houses that are safe, comfortable, eco-friendly, and smart and carry out projects to improve housing quality and initiatives to improve property services. A full life-cycle safety management system should be introduced for housing.

（42）加快建設健康中國。實施健康優先發展戰略，健全健康促進政策制度體系，提升愛國衛生運動成效，提高人均預期壽命和人民健康水平。強化公共衛生能力，加強疾控體系建設，防控重大傳染病。健全醫療、醫保、醫藥協同發展和治理機制，促進分級診療。以公益性為導向深化公立醫院編制、服務價格、薪酬制度、綜合監管改革，加強縣區、基層醫療機構運行保障。優化醫療機構功能定位和布局，實施醫療衛生強基工程，推進全民健康數智化建設。加強慢性病綜合防控，發展防治康管全鏈條服務。全方位提升急診急救、血液保障和應急能力。加強醫療衛生隊伍能力和作風建設。推進中醫藥傳承創新，促進中西醫結合。支持創新藥和醫療器械發展。加強心理健康和精神衛生服務。

42. Advancing the Healthy China Initiative

We should implement a health-first strategy, refine the framework of policies and institutions for promoting people's health, and deliver better outcomes in patriotic health campaigns to raise the average life expectancy and improve the people's health. We should increase our public health capacity, strengthen the disease control system, and effectively prevent and control major infectious diseases.

We should improve the mechanisms for coordinated development and governance of medical services, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals and promote tiered diagnosis and treatment. We should push ahead with reforms related to the staffing, service charges, remuneration systems, and overall regulation of public hospitals to ensure that they truly serve the public interest. In addition, greater support should be provided for the running of county, district, and community-level medical institutions. We should refine the functions and layout of medical institutions, launch initiatives to strengthen community-level medical and health services, and harness digital and intelligent technologies to improve the health of the entire nation.

We should strengthen comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases and develop end-to-end services covering prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and health management. We should increase our overall capacity in terms of emergency treatment, first aid, blood supply, and other aspects of emergency response. Greater efforts should be made to ensure that medical and healthcare personnel provide better services and uphold professional ethics.

We should promote the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as well as integrated application of TCM and Western medicine. We should support the development of innovative drugs and medical apparatus and instruments and provide better mental and psychological health services.

（43）促進人口高質量發展。健全覆蓋全人群、全生命周期的人口服務體系。倡導積極婚育觀，優化生育支持政策和激勵措施，發揮育兒補貼和個人所得稅抵扣政策作用，有效降低家庭生育養育教育成本。完善生育保險制度，落實生育休假制度，實施早孕關愛行動、孕育和出生缺陷防治能力提升計劃。深入開展托育服務補助示范試點，發展普惠托育和托幼一體化服務，逐步完善相關制度。加強婦女和兒童健康服務。積極應對人口老齡化，健全養老事業和產業協同發展政策機制。優化基本養老服務供給，完善城鄉養老服務網絡，加強公共設施適老化和無障礙改造。發展醫育、醫養結合服務。推行長期護理保險，健全失能失智老年人照護體系，擴大康復護理、安寧療護服務供給。穩妥實施漸進式延遲法定退休年齡，優化就業、社保等方面年齡限制政策，積極開發老年人力資源，發展銀發經濟。

43. Promoting high-quality population development

A sound system will be instituted to provide full life-cycle population services to all. We should encourage positive views on marriage and childbearing, refine the policies and incentives for boosting birth rates, and effectively bring down the costs of childbirth, parenting, and education through childcare subsidies and personal income tax credits. We should improve the maternity insurance system, better implement parental leave, and carry out initiatives to provide better services for women in the early stages of pregnancy, improve reproductive health, and better prevent and treat birth defects. We should expand demonstrations and trials for subsidized childcare services, provide support for public-benefit childcare services and integrated nursery and childcare services, and take steps to improve relevant systems. Better health services should be ensured for women and children.

We must actively respond to population aging and refine the policies and mechanisms for coordinating the development of elderly care programs and industries. We should enhance the provision of basic elderly care services, improve elderly care service networks in both urban and rural areas, and renovate more public facilities to make them age-friendly and barrier-free. We should provide medical services integrated with infant care and elderly care. We should roll out insurance schemes for long-term care, improve the care system for seniors who are functionally impaired, and expand rehabilitation services and hospice care. The statutory retirement age should be gradually raised in a prudent manner. We should improve relevant policies on age requirements related to employment and social security, actively tap elderly human resources, and develop the silver economy.

（44）穩步推進基本公共服務均等化。建立基本公共服務均等化評價標準，完善基本公共服務范圍和內容，制定實現基本公共服務均等化的目標、路徑、措施，推動更多公共服務向基層下沉、向農村覆蓋、向邊遠地區和生活困難群眾傾斜，健全與常住人口相匹配的公共資源配置機制。加強縣域基本公共服務供給統籌，完善投入保障長效機制。全面深化事業單位改革。

44. Ensuring more equitable access to basic public services

We should establish assessment standards for equitable access to basic public services, refine the scope and specifics of these services, and define the targets, pathways, and measures for realizing equitable access to them. We should channel more public services toward the community level, rural areas, remote regions, and people in need, and improve the mechanisms for allocating public resources according to the size of permanent resident population. We should better coordinate the supply of basic public services at the county level and improve long-term mechanisms to guarantee the inputs for their provision. We should deepen the reform of public institutions across the board.

十二、加快經濟社會發展全面綠色轉型，建設美麗中國

XII. Accelerating the Green Transition across the Board and Building a Beautiful China

綠色發展是中國式現代化的鮮明底色。牢固樹立和踐行綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念，以碳達峰碳中和為牽引，協同推進降碳、減污、擴綠、增長，筑牢生態安全屏障，增強綠色發展動能。

Green development is a defining feature of Chinese modernization. We must unwaveringly uphold the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and put it into concrete action. Guided by our goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, we should make concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth. We must reinforce our ecological security shields and strengthen our green development drivers.

（45）持續深入推進污染防治攻堅和生態系統優化。堅持環保為民，全面落實精準科學依法治污，更加注重源頭治理，強化減污降碳協同、多污染物控制協同、區域治理協同，深入打好藍天、碧水、凈土保衛戰。加快落實以排污許可制為核心的固定污染源監管制度。實施固體廢物綜合治理行動。加強環境風險防控，深入推進新污染物治理。完善生態環境標準、監測、評價和考核制度。

45. Pressing ahead with the critical battle against pollution and the drive to upgrade ecosystems 

With a commitment to protecting the environment for our people, we should fully implement the policy of combating pollution in a targeted, scientific, and law-based way. Greater attention should be paid to addressing pollution at source. We should better coordinate efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, control multiple pollutants, and carry out cross-regional initiatives. Fresh headway should be made in keeping our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean.

We should expedite the implementation of an oversight system for stationary pollution sources centered on emissions permits. We should launch initiatives for the comprehensive treatment of solid waste, intensify the prevention and control of environmental risks, and make substantial progress in treating new pollutants. We should improve the systems for environmental standards, monitoring, and assessment, as well as the evaluation of relevant work. 

堅持山水林田湖草沙一體化保護和系統治理，統籌推進重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程。嚴守生態保護紅線，全面推進以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系建設，有序設立新的國家公園。加強生物多樣性保護。開展生態保護修復成效評估?？茖W開展大規模國土綠化行動，打好“三北”工程攻堅戰。加強青藏高原等地區生態屏障建設。完善多元化生態補償機制，因地制宜拓展生態產品價值實現渠道。加強重要江河湖庫系統治理和生態保護。實施好長江十年禁漁。

We should follow a holistic and systematic approach to the conservation and improvement of mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems and coordinate efforts to advance major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems. We should strictly enforce ecological conservation redlines, strive for extensive progress in developing the national park-based system of protected areas, and establish more national parks in a well-ordered manner. 

We should enhance biodiversity protection and launch evaluations of the outcomes of ecological conservation and restoration. We should carry out large-scale greening programs in a well-planned way, score new achievements in this crucial stage of the national shelterbelt program in northwest, north, and northeast China, and reinforce ecological shields in regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 

We should refine the mechanisms for diverse forms of ecological compensation and broaden the channels for realizing the market value of ecosystem goods and services based on local conditions. We should step up the ecological conservation and systematic governance of important rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. We should continue to effectively enforce the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River. 

（46）加快建設新型能源體系。持續提高新能源供給比重，推進化石能源安全可靠有序替代，著力構建新型電力系統，建設能源強國。堅持風光水核等多能并舉，統籌就地消納和外送，促進清潔能源高質量發展。加強化石能源清潔高效利用，推進煤電改造升級和散煤替代。全面提升電力系統互補互濟和安全韌性水平，科學布局抽水蓄能，大力發展新型儲能，加快智能電網和微電網建設。提高終端用能電氣化水平，推動能源消費綠色化低碳化。加快健全適應新型能源體系的市場和價格機制。

46. Moving faster to develop a new type of energy system

We should steadily increase the share of new energy in the total energy supply, advance the systematic transition from fossil fuels to safe, reliable alternatives, and build a new electric power system, all with the aim of making our country strong in the energy sector. 

We should develop wind, photovoltaic, hydro, and nuclear energy, promote both local grid integration and outward power transmission, and boost high-quality development of clean energy. We should promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, continue to upgrade coal-fired power plants, and phase out the use of coal in non-industrial sectors. 

We should make power grids safer and more resilient and enhance the complementarity between them. Sound plans should be drawn up for pumped-storage hydropower, new types of energy storage should be developed, and the construction of smart grids and microgrids should be accelerated. We should increase the proportion of electricity in final energy consumption and encourage green and low-carbon energy consumption. We should accelerate efforts to foster robust market and pricing mechanisms for a new energy system. 

（47）積極穩妥推進和實現碳達峰。實施碳排放總量和強度雙控制度。深入實施節能降碳改造。推動煤炭和石油消費達峰。完善碳排放統計核算體系，穩步實施地方碳考核、行業碳管控、企業碳管理、項目碳評價、產品碳足跡等政策制度。發展分布式能源，建設零碳工廠和園區。擴大全國碳排放權交易市場覆蓋范圍，加快溫室氣體自愿減排交易市場建設。建立健全綠色低碳標準體系，推動引領國際規則標準完善和銜接互認。完善適應氣候變化工作體系，提升應對氣候變化特別是極端天氣能力。

47. Working actively and prudently toward peaking carbon emissions

Both the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions must be controlled. To this end, we should push ahead with retrofitting for energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction and work toward reaching peak consumption of coal and petroleum. We should refine the statistical and accounting systems for carbon emissions while making steady headway in enforcing policies and systems for assessment of carbon-related performance of local authorities, carbon control by industries, carbon management by enterprises, carbon evaluation for projects, and carbon footprint management for products. 

We should develop distributed energy sources and build zero-carbon factories and industrial parks. We should expand the coverage of the China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange and build the National Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Market at a faster pace. We should adopt sound standards for green and low-carbon development, spearhead improvements to relevant international rules and standards, and promote alignment and mutual recognition between domestic and international rules and standards. We should improve the working system for climate change adaption to bolster our ability to respond to climate change, especially extreme weather conditions.

（48）加快形成綠色生產生活方式。深入推進生態環境分區管控，加強同國土空間規劃銜接，協同優化產業布局。推動工業、城鄉建設、交通運輸、能源等重點領域綠色低碳轉型。完善資源總量管理和全面節約制度，提高垃圾分類和資源化利用水平，促進循環經濟發展。持續建設國家生態文明試驗區，建設美麗中國先行區，打造綠色發展高地。落實促進綠色低碳發展的財稅、金融、投資、價格、科技、環保政策。健全綠色消費激勵機制，推廣綠色低碳生活方式。

48. Accelerating the shift to eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles

We should continue to exercise region-specific environmental management and better align it with territorial space plans, and make coordinated efforts to optimize industrial distribution. We should promote green and low-carbon transitions in industry, urban and rural development, transportation, energy, and other key sectors. The systems for total resource consumption control and comprehensive resource conservation should be improved, and refuse sorting and recycling should be stepped up to boost the circular economy. 

We should devote sustained efforts to building national experimental areas for ecological conservation, establish pilot zones under the Beautiful China Initiative, and foster pacesetters for green development. We should pursue fiscal, tax, financial, investment, pricing, sci-tech, and environmental policies that will drive green and low-carbon development. Incentives for eco-friendly consumption should be boosted, and green and low-carbon lifestyles should be promoted.

十三、推進國家安全體系和能力現代化，建設更高水平平安中國

XIII. Modernizing China's National Security System and Capacity and Building a Peaceful China

建設平安中國是中國式現代化的重要內容。堅定不移貫徹總體國家安全觀，走中國特色社會主義社會治理之路，確保社會生機勃勃又井然有序。

Building a Peaceful China is an integral part of the Chinese modernization drive. We must remain steadfast in applying a holistic approach to national security and follow a socialist path of social governance with Chinese characteristics to ensure that our society is both full of vitality and in good order.

（49）健全國家安全體系。鞏固集中統一、高效權威的國家安全領導體制，加快構建新安全格局，增強維護和塑造國家安全戰略主動。堅持以戰略為先導、政策為抓手、法治為保障、風險防控為落腳點，完善國家安全法治體系、戰略體系、政策體系、風險防控體系。強化國家安全重點領域和重要專項協調機制，提高應急應變效能。落實國家安全責任制，促進全鏈條全要素協同聯動，形成體系合力。完善涉外國家安全機制，構建海外安全保障體系，加強反制裁、反干預、反“長臂管轄”斗爭，深化國際執法安全合作，推動完善全球安全治理。強化國家安全教育，筑牢人民防線。

49. Improving the national security system

We should consolidate our centralized, unified, high-performing, and authoritative leadership system for national security, act faster to develop a new security architecture, and enhance our strategic initiative to safeguard and shape national security. Guided by our strategies, leveraging policy instruments and law-based safeguards, and aiming at mitigating risks, we should improve the legal, strategy, policy, and risk management systems for national security. Mechanisms for coordinating national security efforts in key sectors and projects should be improved to ensure more efficient response to emergencies and changes. 

With the responsibility system for national security fully functioning, we should promote interaction and coordination among all elements across the entire security chain to generate systemic synergy. We should refine mechanisms for ensuring national security in foreign affairs, establish our systems for ensuring overseas security, and step up our fight against foreign sanctions, interference, and long-arm jurisdiction. We should strengthen international law enforcement cooperation on security and promote better global security governance. We should raise public awareness of national security to build a strong public line of defense. 

（50）加強重點領域國家安全能力建設。鍛造實戰實用的國家安全能力，突出保障事關國家長治久安、經濟健康穩定、人民安居樂業的重大安全，把捍衛政治安全擺在首位。夯實國家安全基礎保障，確保糧食、能源資源、重要產業鏈供應鏈、重大基礎設施安全，加強戰略性礦產資源勘探開發和儲備，提高水資源集約安全利用水平，維護戰略通道安全，推進國家戰略腹地建設和關鍵產業備份。加強網絡、數據、人工智能、生物、生態、核、太空、深海、極地、低空等新興領域國家安全能力建設。提高防范化解重點領域風險能力，統籌推進房地產、地方政府債務、中小金融機構等風險有序化解，嚴防系統性風險。

50. Building up national security capacity in key sectors

We must develop tried and tested national security capabilities, placing emphasis on the aspects of security that are essential to the enduring peace and stability of our country, the sound and stable development of our economy, and the wellbeing of our people, and with political security as the top priority. 

The fundamentals underpinning national security must be consolidated. To this end, we should ensure the security of food, energy and resources, key industrial and supply chains, and major infrastructure; step up efforts to explore, develop, and build reserves of strategic mineral resources; promote the efficient and safe use of water resources; ensure the security of strategic corridors; and continue to develop our strategic hinterland and ensure backup plans for key industries. 

Capacity building on national security should be bolstered in emerging domains, including cyberspace, data, AI, biology, ecology, nuclear energy, outer space, deep sea, the polar regions, and low-altitude airspace. We should improve our ability to prevent and defuse risks in key sectors, taking coordinated steps to address those related to real estate, local government debt, small and medium financial institutions, and other areas in a well-ordered manner. This will enable us to guard against systemic risks.

（51）提高公共安全治理水平。完善公共安全體系，推動公共安全治理模式向事前預防轉型。加強氣象、水文、地質災害監測預報預警，提高防災減災救災和重大突發公共事件處置保障能力，加強應急指揮、安全生產、食品藥品安全等工作。提升重要基礎設施本質安全水平，有效遏制重特大事故。深化社會治安整體防控體系和能力建設，落實維護社會穩定責任，發展壯大群防群治力量，健全掃黑除惡常態化機制，加大預防和打擊電信網絡詐騙、毒品犯罪等的力度。推進綜治中心規范化建設。深化網絡空間安全綜合治理，加強個人信息保護。強化未成年人違法犯罪預防和治理。全面準確貫徹寬嚴相濟刑事政策，依法懲處違法犯罪，提升刑罰執行質效。

51. Enhancing public safety governance

The public safety system should be improved to drive a shift toward a prevention-based governance model. We should strengthen the monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, and geological disasters; enhance our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief and for major public emergency response and support; and step up our work in emergency response command, workplace safety, and food and drug safety. Greater efforts should be devoted to making our critical infrastructure intrinsically safer in order to effectively prevent major and serious accidents. 

We need to further develop our integrated system and capacity for maintaining law and order. We should ensure that responsibility for protecting social stability is fulfilled, encourage broader public participation in crime prevention and control, build robust mechanisms for combating and rooting out organized crime on an ongoing basis, and redouble efforts to prevent and crack down on telecom and online fraud and drug-related crime. 

The well-regulated development of integrated governance centers should be advanced. We should enhance comprehensive cybersecurity governance and better protect personal information. We should step up efforts to prevent and control juvenile delinquency. We should fully and faithfully implement the policy of severity tempered by leniency in handling criminal cases, punish illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, and improve the quality and efficiency of penal decision enforcement. 

（52）完善社會治理體系。堅持系統治理、依法治理、綜合治理、源頭治理，完善共建共治共享的社會治理制度，推進社會治理現代化。健全社會工作體制機制，完善社會治理政策和法律法規體系。加強新經濟組織、新社會組織、新就業群體黨的建設。加強社會組織培育管理，推動行業協會商會改革發展。加強黨建引領基層治理和基層政權建設，全面實施鄉鎮（街道）履行職責事項清單，健全村（社區）工作事項準入制度。堅持和發展新時代“楓橋經驗”，加強鄉村治理，完善社區治理。發揮人民群眾主體作用，引導各方有序參與社會治理。推進網上網下協同治理。加強基層服務管理力量配置，完善服務設施和經費保障機制。發揮市民公約、村規民約等作用，加強家庭家教家風建設，推進移風易俗，有效治理婚喪嫁娶中的陋習等問題。

52. Improving the social governance system

To modernize social governance, we should adhere to systematic, law-based, and holistic approaches to addressing issues at source and improve the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and benefit sharing. We should also improve the institutions and mechanisms for social work and refine the legal and policy frameworks for social governance. Party building initiatives should be enhanced in new types of economic and social organizations and among groups in new forms of employment. We should strengthen cultivation and management of social organizations and facilitate the reform and development of trade associations and chambers of commerce. 

We should better guide efforts to conduct community-level governance and strengthen primary-level governments through Party building. Lists of duties for town, township, and urban sub-district governments should be fully implemented, while the system for matters entrusted to villages and urban communities should be refined. We should continue to apply and develop the Fengqiao model in the new era, with a view to enhancing governance in both rural and urban communities. We must leverage the principal role of the general public and guide the systematic participation of all sides in social governance. 

Governance should be carried out through both online and offline channels. We should allocate more resources to primary-level organizations to enhance their capacity to provide services and conduct management, and improve service facilities and funding support mechanisms. We should leverage the role of social norms, such as citizens' codes of conduct and local covenants, and cultivate stronger family bonds, values, and traditions. We should change outdated social mores, and in particular, address undesirable practices around weddings and funerals. 

完善凝聚服務群眾工作機制，夯實社會治理群眾基礎。加強思想政治引領，改進各類社會群體服務管理，健全利益關系協調、合法權益保障制度，關心關愛困難、弱勢群體。健全社會心理服務體系和危機干預機制。強化市民熱線等公共服務平臺功能，推動“民有所呼、我有所應”。發展志愿服務，加強志愿服務組織管理。推進信訪工作法治化。深入推動矛盾糾紛源頭化解、多元化解、有序化解。加強社會工作者隊伍建設，提高專業化服務水平。

We should improve the working mechanisms for rallying and serving the general public to further consolidate popular support for social governance endeavors. Theoretical and political guidance should be enhanced, and services and management should be improved for all social groups. We need to improve the systems for balancing different interests and protecting legitimate rights and interests. Care and support must be ensured for disadvantaged groups and those in difficulty. 

We should improve the system for public psychological and counseling services as well as mechanisms for crisis intervention. Citizen hotlines and other public service platforms should function more effectively, so that all public concerns are attended to. We should continue to develop volunteer services and better manage organizations operating in this field. We should promote law-based handling of public complaints and proposals. We should make further progress in applying diverse solutions and systematic approaches to resolve conflicts and disputes at source. We should strengthen the ranks of social workers and see that they are capable of delivering more professional services.

十四、如期實現建軍一百年奮斗目標，高質量推進國防和軍隊現代化

XIV. Achieving the Centenary Goals of the People's Liberation Army and Modernizing National Defense and the Armed Forces

鞏固國防和強大軍隊是中國式現代化的戰略支撐。貫徹習近平強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，堅持黨對人民軍隊絕對領導，貫徹軍委主席負責制，按照國防和軍隊現代化新“三步走”戰略，推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍，邊斗爭、邊備戰、邊建設，加快機械化信息化智能化融合發展，提高捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益戰略能力。

Strong national defense and a powerful military constitute a strategic pillar that underpins Chinese modernization. We should act on Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military and carry out the military strategy for the new era. We must ensure that the Party exercises absolute leadership over the people's armed forces, and the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission must be implemented. In accordance with the new three-step strategy for modernizing national defense and the armed forces, we should continue to enhance political loyalty in the military, strengthen the military through reform, scientific and technological advances, and personnel training, and run the military in accordance with the law. We should simultaneously carry out operations, boost combat preparedness, and enhance military capabilities; and accelerate integrated military development through mechanization, informatization, and the application of intelligent technologies. All this will enhance our military's strategic capacity to defend our national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

（53）加快先進戰斗力建設。壯大戰略威懾力量，維護全球戰略平衡和穩定。推進新域新質作戰力量規?；?、實戰化、體系化發展，加快無人智能作戰力量及反制能力建設，加強傳統作戰力量升級改造。統籌網絡信息體系建設運用，加強數據資源開發利用，構建智能化軍事體系。加快建設現代化后勤。實施國防發展重大工程，加緊國防科技創新和先進技術轉化，加快先進武器裝備發展。優化軍事人力資源政策制度，提高軍隊院校辦學育人水平，打造高素質專業化新型軍事人才方陣。實施軍事理論現代化推進工程。深化戰略和作戰籌劃，扎實推進實戰化軍事訓練，加強作戰能力體系集成，創新戰斗力建設和運用模式，增強軍事斗爭針對性、主動性、塑造力。

53. Speeding up the development of advanced combat capabilities

We should strengthen our strategic deterrence forces to ensure global strategic balance and stability. We should advance the systematic development of new-domain forces with new combat capabilities to boost their scale and meet actual combat needs. We should fast-track the development of unmanned, intelligent combat forces and our capabilities to counter them. We should also upgrade and transform traditional combat forces. 

We should better coordinate the development and application of the network information system and step up the development and utilization of data resources, so as to develop an intelligent military system. We should accelerate the development of modern logistics. We should roll out major defense-related projects, in a bid to accelerate the pace of innovation in defense-related science and technology, translation of advanced technologies into combat effectiveness, and development of advanced weaponry and equipment. 

We need to develop new types of high-caliber, professional military personnel. With this in mind, we should refine human resource policies and systems within the military and improve the running and programs of military academies. Projects should also be launched to modernize military theory. It is important that we intensify strategic and tactical planning, take solid steps to make our military training more oriented toward actual combat, strengthen the systematic integration of combat capabilities, and create new models for building up and applying our fighting capacity. These efforts will enhance our ability to maintain the initiative and shape our posture through targeted operations. 

（54）推進軍事治理現代化。完善人民軍隊領導管理體制機制，調整優化聯合作戰體系。加強和改進戰略管理，深化戰建備統籌，強化作戰需求牽引，創新管理方法手段，提高軍事系統運行效能和國防資源使用效益。加強重大決策咨詢評估和重大項目監管，推進軍費預算管理改革，改進軍事采購制度，完善軍隊建設統計評估體系，全面落實勤儉建軍方針，走高效益、低成本、可持續發展路子。持續深化政治整訓，弘揚優良傳統，加強重點行業和領域整肅治理。深入推進軍隊法治建設，加強法規制度供給和執行監督，完善中國特色軍事法治體系。

54. Modernizing military governance 

We should refine the leadership and management institutions and mechanisms in the people's armed forces and adjust and improve joint operations systems. We need to strengthen and improve strategic management and enhance coordination between military operations, capacity building, and combat preparedness with a stronger focus on operational requirements. New management approaches should be adopted to ensure better performance of the military system and more efficient use of defense resources. 

We should strengthen consultations and evaluations for major decisions and supervision over major projects. We need to advance budget management reform for military expenditures, refine the military procurement system, and improve the statistical and evaluation systems for military development. The principle of building the armed forces through diligence and thrift must be fully implemented to ensure that military development is efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable. 

We should continue to improve political conduct, carry forward fine traditions, and enforce stricter discipline to rectify misconduct in key sectors and fields. Further efforts should be made to enhance law-based governance of the military. We should formulate more effective rules and regulations and step up enforcement oversight to improve the Chinese system for law-based administration of military affairs. 

（55）鞏固提高一體化國家戰略體系和能力。深化跨軍地改革，構建各司其職、緊密協作、規范有序的跨軍地工作格局。加快新興領域戰略能力建設，推動新質生產力同新質戰斗力高效融合、雙向拉動。建設先進國防科技工業體系，優化國防科技工業布局，推進軍民標準通用化。加強國防建設軍事需求提報和軍地對接，推動重大基礎設施全面貫徹國防要求，加強國防戰略預制。加快國防動員能力建設，加強后備力量建設，加強現代邊?？辗澜ㄔO，推進黨政軍警民合力強邊固防。深化全民國防教育，鞏固軍政軍民團結。

55. Consolidating and improving integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities 

We should deepen military-civilian reforms and establish a well-regulated, orderly framework where both sides fulfill their respective functions and work in close concert with each other. We should move faster to develop strategic capabilities in emerging fields and work toward effective integration between new quality productive forces and new combat capabilities so that the development of one helps drive that of the other. 

We should develop advanced defense-related science, technology, and industry systems, improve planning for these fields, and promote interoperability between military and civilian standards. We should strengthen work on submitting and reporting on defense-related military needs, enhance military-civilian alignment, and ensure that all major infrastructure facilities meet national defense requirements, so that our strategic needs are better fulfilled in advance. 

We should work faster to develop national defense mobilization capabilities and build up our reserve forces. We should modernize our border, coastal, and air defense and get our Party, government, military, police, and civilians all working together on consolidating our borders and defense. We should raise public awareness of national defense and further strengthen the unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.

十五、全黨全國各族人民團結起來為實現“十五五”規劃而奮斗

XV. Rallying the Whole Party and All Chinese People and Striving to Fulfill the 15th Five-Year Plan

堅持和加強黨的全面領導是推進中國式現代化的根本保證。堅持以黨的自我革命引領社會革命，持之以恒推進全面從嚴治黨，增強黨的政治領導力、思想引領力、群眾組織力、社會號召力，提高黨領導經濟社會發展能力和水平，為推進中國式現代化凝聚磅礴力量。

Upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese modernization. We should use the Party's self-reform to steer social reform and stay committed to strengthening full and rigorous Party self-governance. We should see to it that our Party becomes better at providing political leadership and theoretical guidance, organizing the people, and inspiring society, while also improving its ability to lead China's economic and social development endeavors. All this will enable us to gather a mighty force for advancing Chinese modernization.

（56）堅持和加強黨中央集中統一領導。完善黨中央重大決策部署落實機制，確保上下貫通、執行有力。持續用黨的創新理論統一思想、統一意志、統一行動。發展黨內民主，健全和落實民主集中制，堅持科學決策、民主決策、依法決策。堅持正確用人導向，堅持把政治標準放在首位，樹立和踐行正確政績觀，完善干部考核評價機制，調整不勝任現職干部，推進領導干部能上能下常態化。強化教育培訓和實踐鍛煉，提高干部隊伍現代化建設本領。嚴管厚愛結合、激勵約束并重，激發干部隊伍內生動力和整體活力。統籌推進各領域基層黨組織建設，增強黨組織政治功能和組織功能，發揮黨員先鋒模范作用。鍥而不舍落實中央八項規定精神，狠剎各種不正之風，推進作風建設常態化長效化。深入開展整治形式主義為基層減負工作。完善黨和國家監督體系，加強對權力配置、運行的規范和監督。保持反腐敗永遠在路上的清醒堅定，一體推進不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，堅決打好反腐敗斗爭攻堅戰、持久戰、總體戰。營造風清氣正的政治生態。

56. Upholding and strengthening the Party Central Committee's centralized, unified leadership

We should refine the mechanisms through which the Party Central Committee's major decisions and plans are carried out so as to ensure cohesion across different levels and effective implementation. We should continue to apply the Party's new theories to achieve unity in thinking, will, and action. We should develop intraparty democracy and improve and implement democratic centralism to ensure that decision-making is sound, democratic, and law-based. The right approach must be followed in selecting and appointing officials, with political commitment as the primary criterion. We should make sure that officials have a correct understanding of what it means to perform well and act accordingly, and improve the system for assessing their performance. Those who are no longer fit for their posts should be replaced, and ongoing efforts must be made to ensure that officials can be demoted as well as promoted. We should strengthen education and training for officials and temper them through practice, so that they acquire the skills needed to advance modernization. We must be both strict and caring and place equal emphasis on providing incentives and imposing constraints, so as to unleash the internal drive and collective vitality of our officials. 

We should take coordinated steps to improve primary-level Party organizations in all sectors, strengthen their political and organizational functions, and give full play to Party members' exemplary role. We should continue to steadfastly implement the central Party leadership's eight-point decision on improving work conduct and resolutely stamp out all forms of misconduct. Consistent and unremitting efforts must be made to keep improving conduct. We should continue to address pointless formalities to lighten the burdens on those working on the ground. We should improve the Party and state oversight systems to tighten regulation and oversight over the allocation and exercise of power. The fight against corruption is always ongoing and requires us to remain sober-minded and steadfast. We must take coordinated steps to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, opportunity, or desire to commit corruption, and see that we have the resolve to keep waging this tough, protracted, and all-out battle. We must also work to develop a political atmosphere of integrity.

（57）推進社會主義民主法治建設。堅定不移走中國特色社會主義政治發展道路，堅持黨的領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一，發展全過程人民民主，完善中國特色社會主義法治體系。堅持好、完善好、運行好人民代表大會制度，確保國家機關依法行使權力、履行職責，確保人民群眾民主權利、合法權益得到維護和實現。堅持和完善中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度，發揮人民政協作為專門協商機構作用，加強各種協商渠道協同配合，推進協商民主廣泛多層制度化發展。健全基層民主制度，保障人民依法管理基層公共事務和公益事業。健全吸納民意、匯集民智工作機制。更好發揮工會、共青團、婦聯等群團組織作用，加強產業工人隊伍建設、青少年發展、婦女兒童事業發展政策保障。促進人權事業全面發展。完善大統戰工作格局，鞏固和發展最廣泛的愛國統一戰線。鑄牢中華民族共同體意識，推進中華民族共同體建設。堅持我國宗教中國化方向，加強宗教事務治理法治化。全面貫徹黨的僑務政策，更好凝聚僑心僑力。

57. Advancing socialist democracy and rule of law

We must remain firmly committed to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics. We should uphold the unity between leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, develop whole-process people's democracy, and promote socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The system of people's congresses must be upheld, improved, and implemented to good effect, so as to ensure that state institutions exercise powers and perform duties in accordance with the law, and that people's democratic rights and other legitimate rights and interests are protected and guaranteed. The system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation should also be upheld and improved. We must give play to the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body and strengthen coordination between the various channels of consultation to promote extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy. 

We should enhance democracy at the primary level and ensure that the people manage public affairs and run public-interest programs in local communities in accordance with the law. We should improve the working mechanisms for drawing on public opinion and pooling the wisdom of the people. The roles of people's organizations, such as trade unions, Chinese Communist Youth League organizations, and women's federations, should be brought into better play, and stronger policy support should be provided to build up the ranks of industrial workers, promote youth development, and advance the cause of women and children. We must promote all-around advancement of human rights. 

We should refine our approach to building a broad united front with the aim of consolidating and developing the broadest possible patriotic united front. A stronger sense of community for the Chinese nation should be forged, and the community of the Chinese nation should be further developed. We must ensure that religions in China are Chinese in orientation and strengthen law-based governance of religious affairs. We should fully implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs to pool the support and strength of Chinese nationals residing abroad.

堅持全面依法治國，協同推進科學立法、嚴格執法、公正司法、全民守法。加強憲法法律實施和監督，完善維護國家法治統一制度機制。加強立法規劃和立法審查，提高立法質量。強化法治政府建設，全面落實行政規范性文件備案審查，完善實質性化解行政爭議機制。推進政法工作數字化平臺建設，強化跨部門執法司法協同和監督。規范司法權力運行，完善司法公正實現和評價機制，提高司法裁判公正性、穩定性、權威性。強化檢察監督，加強公益訴訟。依法保障人身權、財產權、人格權，健全規范涉企執法長效機制，防止和糾正違規異地執法、趨利性執法。健全國家執行體制，有效解決“執行難”問題。加快涉外法治體系和能力建設，健全國際商事調解、仲裁、訴訟等機制。加強領導干部依法辦事監督檢查，完善綜合性法治評價工作機制。推進法治社會建設，營造全社會崇尚法治、恪守規則、尊重契約、維護公正的良好環境。

We must advance law-based governance on all fronts. We should make coordinated efforts to promote sound legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and observance of the law by all. We should step up efforts to implement the Constitution and laws and to oversee compliance with them, while also refining the institutions and mechanisms for upholding unity in the rule of law. We should strengthen legislative planning and thoroughly review legislative work to deliver higher-quality legislation. We should strive to build a law-based government, ensure full implementation of the filing and review system for administrative normative documents, and improve the mechanisms for facilitating the substantive resolution of administrative disputes. 

We should further develop the digital platforms for judicial and law enforcement work to strengthen collaboration and oversight across different departments. We should better regulate the exercise of judicial power, refine the systems through which judicial justice is delivered and evaluated, and do more to ensure the fairness, consistency, and authority of judicial decisions. Procuratorial bodies should conduct stronger supervision and step up their efforts in the sphere of public-interest litigation. We must protect people's personal rights, property rights, and personality rights as mandated by law. Long-term mechanisms for regulating enterprise-related law enforcement should be refined, and steps must be taken to both prevent and rectify unauthorized cross-jurisdictional and profit-driven law enforcement. We should improve the national law enforcement system and effectively resolve difficulties in enforcing rulings. 

We should work faster to improve the system and capacity for ensuring the rule of law in foreign affairs. Mediation, arbitration, and litigation mechanisms for international commercial disputes should also be improved. Stricter oversight and inspection should be conducted to ensure that leading officials act in accordance with the law, and the mechanism for comprehensively assessing the implementation of the rule of law should be refined. We should continue to build a law-based society and foster a favorable environment for ensuring that the rule of law is upheld, rules are observed, contracts are honored, and justice is safeguarded throughout society. 

（58）促進香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定。堅定不移貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方針，落實“愛國者治港”、“愛國者治澳”原則，提升港澳依法治理效能，促進港澳經濟社會發展。支持港澳更好融入和服務國家發展大局，加強港澳與內地經貿、科技、人文等合作，完善便利港澳居民在內地發展和生活政策措施。發揮港澳背靠祖國、聯通世界獨特優勢和重要作用，鞏固提升香港國際金融、航運、貿易中心地位，支持香港建設國際創新科技中心，不斷彰顯澳門“一中心、一平臺、一基地”作用，推動澳門經濟適度多元發展，支持港澳打造國際高端人才集聚高地。

58. Promoting long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao 

We must resolutely implement the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We should see that Hong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots, ensure that both special administrative regions are more effectively governed in accordance with the law, and promote their economic and social development. We should support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into and contributing to the country's overall development. Cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao in economic and trade affairs, science and technology, culture, and other fields should be strengthened, and policies and measures should be improved to make it more convenient for people from the two regions to develop careers and live on the mainland. 

Hong Kong and Macao have the backing of the motherland and maintain close connection with the rest of the world. These unique strengths and important roles should be further leveraged. We should consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's status as an international financial, shipping, and trade center and support it in developing into an international innovation and technology center. We should support Macao's efforts to appropriately diversify its economic development and better play its roles as a world tourism and leisure center, a service platform for commercial and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and an exchange and cooperation center where mainstream Chinese culture and diverse cultures coexist. In addition, we should support Hong Kong and Macao in building themselves into international hubs for high-caliber talent. 

（59）推動兩岸關系和平發展、推進祖國統一大業。深入貫徹新時代黨解決臺灣問題的總體方略，堅決打擊“臺獨”分裂勢力，反對外部勢力干涉，維護臺海和平穩定，牢牢把握兩岸關系主導權主動權。深化兩岸交流合作，共同傳承弘揚中華文化。高質量推進兩岸融合發展示范區建設，加強產業合作，推動兩岸經濟合作。落實臺灣同胞享受同等待遇政策，為臺胞在大陸學習、工作、生活創造更好條件，增進兩岸同胞福祉。

59. Promoting the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and advancing the cause of national reunification 

We must fully implement our Party's overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question, resolutely fight against separatist forces aimed at "Taiwan independence," oppose external interference, safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, and firmly maintain the initiative and the ability to steer in cross-Strait relations. Exchanges and cooperation across the Strait should be deepened and people on both sides should work together to preserve and carry forward Chinese culture. We should pursue high-quality progress in building the demonstration zone for integrated cross-Strait development, as we work to strengthen industrial and economic cooperation across the Strait. We should implement policies designed to ensure equal treatment for our Taiwan compatriots, create better conditions for them to study, work, and live on the mainland, and enhance the wellbeing of the Chinese people on both sides of the Strait. 

（60）推動構建人類命運共同體。倡導平等有序的世界多極化、普惠包容的經濟全球化，拓展全球伙伴關系網絡，推動構建新型國際關系。深化周邊發展融合，強化共同安全，鞏固戰略互信，構建周邊命運共同體。維護大國關系總體穩定，深化同發展中國家團結合作，落實全球發展倡議、全球安全倡議、全球文明倡議、全球治理倡議，引領國際秩序朝著更加公正合理的方向發展。支持全球南方聯合自強，加大援外力度，提供更多國際公共產品。堅決反對霸權霸道霸凌行徑，捍衛國際公平正義，維護各國人民共同利益。弘揚全人類共同價值，推動建設持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界，為構建人類命運共同體作出中國貢獻。

60. Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for humanity 

We should promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, expand our global network of partnerships, and foster a new type of international relations. We should work with neighboring countries to advance integrated development, strengthen common security, consolidate strategic mutual trust, and build a community with a shared future among neighboring countries. We should maintain overall stability in major-country relations and deepen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. We should act on the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative and work to guide the development of the international order in a more just and equitable direction. 

We should support the Global South in building strength through unity, step up aid to other countries, and provide the world with more public goods. We must resolutely oppose all hegemonic, high-handed, and bullying acts, defend international fairness and justice, and safeguard the common interests of people around the world. We should champion the common values of all humanity, promote the building of an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity, and deliver China's contribution to building a community with a shared future for humanity. 

（61）充分調動全社會投身中國式現代化建設的積極性主動性創造性。按照本次全會精神，制定國家和地方“十五五”規劃綱要及專項規劃等，形成定位準確、邊界清晰、功能互補、統一銜接的國家規劃體系。強化規劃實施監測評估和監督，健全政策協調和工作協同機制，確保黨中央決策部署落到實處。貫徹尊重勞動、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創造的方針，激發全社會干事創業、創新創造活力，形成人盡其才、才盡其用、萬眾一心、勠力進取的生動局面。

61. Mobilizing the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the whole society to advance Chinese modernization 

National and local 15th five-year plans and sector-specific plans will be formulated on the basis of the guiding principles from this plenary session to form a uni?ed, well-aligned national planning system featuring clearly de?ned targets, clear boundaries, and complementary functions. We should improve the monitoring, evaluation, and oversight of the implementation of these plans and re?ne mechanisms for policy coordination and work collaboration, to ensure that the Party Central Committee's decisions and plans are fully implemented. 

Based on the principle of respecting work, knowledge, talent, and creativity, we should harness the drive, enterprise, innovation, and ingenuity of our whole society, and foster a vibrant environment where all our people can realize their full potential, put talents to best use, and press ahead with one heart and one mind.

全黨全軍全國各族人民要更加緊密地團結在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，為基本實現社會主義現代化而共同奮斗，不斷開創以中國式現代化全面推進強國建設、民族復興偉業新局面。

Let the whole Party, the entire military, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. Let us work hard together toward the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization. Let us continue to break new ground in our endeavors to build a great country and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.

（來源：新華網）

(Source: Xinhua)